《生物多样性公约》遵约问题初探  

Study on the compliance with the Convention on Biological Diversity

作　　者：邹玥屿 高翔 ZOU Yueyu;GAO Xiang(Foreign Environmental Cooperation Office,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035,China;National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035 [2]国家应对气候变化战略研究和国际合作中心,北京100035

出　　处：《环境与可持续发展》2021年第6期46-51,共6页Environment and Sustainable Development

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“全球盘点方案的框架和制度设计”(批准号:2017YFA0605301)。

摘　　要：条约的实施和遵守是多边国际环境公约普遍面临的现实性挑战。为了加强缔约方对公约规定义务的履行,不同公约演化出了各具特点的遵约机制,并在过去几十年的实践中不断调整完善。如何加强履行,也是《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会的目标成果——"2020年后全球生物多样性框架"谈判中的关键问题之一。国际社会对这一目标成果寄予厚望,而目标设立越高,对执行的要求也就越高。本文在分析遵约机制一般法律概念、相关环境公约经验和《生物多样性公约》履行机制历史沿革基础上,研究提出当前《生物多样性公约》谈判应重视强化国家战略与行动计划和国家报告义务、强化履约遵约的激励机制并适当设置不遵守情势机制,为未来十年目标的实现提供切实保障。The implementation and compliance of the convention is a realistic challenge faced by all multilateral environmental agreements.In order to strengthen the fulfillment of the obligations by the parties, different conventions have evolved their own compliance mechanisms, which have been constantly adjusted and improved in practice in the past decades.How to strengthen implementation is also one of the key issues in the negotiation of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework—the expected outcome of the Fifteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity.The international community place high hopes for this framework, and well defined goals need to come with well-designed implementation mechanism.Based on the analysis of the general legal concept of the compliance mechanism, the experience of relevant environmental conventions and the historical evolution of the implementation mechanism under the Convention on Biological Diversity, it is recommended that the current negotiations on the Convention on Biological Diversity focus on enhancing the system of national strategy and action plan and national reporting, strengthening the incentive mechanism for implementation, and setting a path to appropriate non-compliance situation mechanism, in order to pave the way for the realization of the goals for the next ten years.

关 键 词：多边国际环境公约 生物多样性 遵约机制 条约的履行 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]