铅球“滑步”与“旋转”最后技术的生物力学分析  

Biomechanical Research on the Last Key Technology of“Sliding Step”and“Rotation”

作　　者：尹华跟 张葆欣[2] 黄艺 刘娜 刘刚[1] 童立涛 陈夏 YIN Hua-gen;ZHANG Bao-xin;HUANG Yi;LIU Na;LIU Gang;TONG Li-tao;CHEN Xia(The Sport School of Shangrao Normal University,Shangrao 334001,China;Department of Human Movement Science,Xi'an Institute of Physical Education,Xi'an 710068,China;Guizhou College of Health Professions,Tongren 554300,China;India-China Yoga College,Yunnan Minzu University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]上饶师范学院体育学院,江西上饶334001 [2]西安体育学院健康科学系,陕西西安710068 [3]贵州健康职业学院人文基础部,贵州铜仁554300 [4]云南民族大学中印瑜伽学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《体育科学研究》2021年第6期58-66,共9页Sports Science Research

基　　金：陕西省体育科研攻关课题《备战第十三届全运会陕西省男子铅球重点运动员的科研攻关与科技服务》;江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目(TY18128)。

摘　　要：为探析铅球“滑步式”与“旋转式”最后用力阶段的技术动作特征和肌肉活动的内在规律,运用高速摄像机结合遥感肌电仪两机同步测试,对陕西省男子铅球重点运动员(冯杰)在赛前训练中采用背向滑步和旋转式推铅球的两种投掷技术的最后用力阶段进行分析。结果发现:(1)右踝关节在两种投掷技术中蹬伸均比较积极,但在左脚着地瞬间(L↓)则表现出左侧下肢支撑技术不理想的状态;另外,两种投掷技术均存在左膝速度偏缓的现象。(2)两种投掷技术的出手角度在铅球的最后出手瞬间表现合理。(3)滑步技术的肌肉发力顺序在最后用力阶段出现絮乱的现象;旋转技术的肌肉发力顺序在最后用力阶段符合从右至左、从下至上的传递过程。(4)滑步技术的主要发力肌肉是右腕关节屈肌和右竖脊肌;旋转技术的主要发力肌肉是右股四头肌、左股四头肌。In order to explore and analyze the technical movement characteristics and the internal law of muscle activity in the last force stage of“Sliding Step”and“Rotation”.In this research,high-speed camera and remote-sensing electromyograph were used simultaneously to test and analyze the final exertion stage of the two throwing techniques of backslide and rotary shot putting adopted by the Shaanxi key shot putter(Feng Jie)in the pregame training.The results showed that:(1)The right ankle joint is relatively active in both throwing techniques,but the left leg support technique is not ideal when the left foot touches the ground(L↓);In addition,both throwing techniques have a slow left knee speed.(2)The shooting angle of the two throwing techniques is reasonable at the moment of the final shot of the shot.(3)The muscle force sequence of the sliding technique appears to be disordered in the final force stage;the muscle force sequence of the rotation technology conforms to the transfer process from right to left and bottom to top in the final force stage.(4)The main force-generating muscle of the sliding technique is the flexor of the right wrist joint and the right spine erector;The main force muscles of rotation technique are right quadriceps and left quadriceps.

关 键 词：铅球 滑步式 旋转式 最后用力技术 运动学 SEMG 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]