低氮对不同茶树品种生物学特性的影响  

Biological Responses of Tea Cultivars to Low Nitrogen Stress

作　　者：林郑和[1] 陈常颂[1] 钟秋生[1] 游小妹[1] 陈志辉[1] 单睿阳[1] 阮其春[1] 刘敦 LIN Zheng-he;CHEN Chang-song;ZHONG Qiu-sheng;YOU Xiao-mei;CHEN Zhi-hui;SHAN Rui-yang;RUAN Qi-chun;LIU Dun(Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福州350013

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2021年第4期164-169,共6页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2020R1029002,2021R1101-6);福建省自然科学基金(2020J011365);国家茶叶产业技术体系项目(CARS-19);“5511”协同创新工程(XTCXGC2021004)。

摘　　要：为了研究低氮条件下不同茶树品种生物学性状及品质等变化,进一步挖掘茶树耐低氮性的潜能,本试验以前期筛选出氮利用效率不同的茶树品种黄棪(氮高效利用)、本山(氮低效利用)及紫牡丹(中等)为试验材料,以正常施氮为对照(225 kg·hm^(-2)),进行低氮处理(22.5 kg·hm^(-2)),探讨低氮对不同氮效率茶树品种生物学性状的影响。结果表明,低氮条件下各品种茶树的树高、树幅、发芽密度、鲜叶产量等都显著下降,黄棪品种的下降幅度小于本山与紫牡丹。低氮增加了茶叶的香气,降低茶叶的滋味。通过比较、鉴定验证了前期氮高效利用品种筛选的结果。研究认为,黄棪在低氮水平下表现出氮高效利用特性,为典型氮高效型品种,而本山在低氮下表现出氮低效利用的特征,比较适于高氮条件种植。Biological response and stress tolerance of various Camellia sinensis cultivars to low nitrogen(N)supply were investigated.A high N-utilization efficiency variety of tea variety,Huangdan,and Benshan of low N-utilization efficiency and Zimudan of medium N-utilization efficiency varieties were treated with either the normal 225 kg·hm^(-2)N fertilization or a reduced N supply at 22.5 kg·hm^(-2).The biological properties of the tea plants were monitored.Under the low N treatment,the height,circumference,bud density,and fresh leaf yield of the plants were significantly reduced.Understandably,the reductions on Huangdan were less severe than on Benshan or Zimudan.On the other hand,the low N-treated tea bushes produced leaves that gave a heightened aromatic intensity but weakened taste on the brewed tea.The results confirmed that Huangdan cultivar could indeed efficiently use available N,whereas the low N-utilization Benshan would fit for cultivation on land with ample supply of N.

关 键 词：氮高效 茶树 品质 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]