‘赤霞珠’与‘北红’正反交群体抗寒旱性能遗传特点  

Genetic Characteristics of Cold and Drought Resistance Based on Reciprocal Cross of'Cabernet Sauvignon'and'Beihong'

作　　者：唐玄德 王荣[1,2] 刘玉娟[1,2] 段伟 梁振昌[2] 范培格[2,3] TANG Xuande;WANG Rong;LIU Yujuan;DUAN Wei;LIANG Zhenchang;FAN Peige(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;China Wine Industry Technology Institute,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [3]中国葡萄酒产业技术研究院,银川750021

出　　处：《中外葡萄与葡萄酒》2022年第1期20-26,共7页Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002500)。

摘　　要：选用抗寒性较弱的‘赤霞珠’与抗寒性强的‘北红’为亲本,构建了正反交群体,研究分析后代群体休眠季枝条中的含水量、冰点值(LTE)、萌芽率及春季萌芽后田间冻害情况。结果表明,亲本及正反交群体后代枝条含水量保持基本稳定,分布在39%~51%。正反交群体后代枝条LTE值均呈连续正态分布,两个群体中LTE值高于亲本值占比分别为43.47%和41.25%,说明正反交后代均存在抗寒性超亲遗传特点;两个群体后代LTE均值分别为﹣21.01℃和﹣21.52℃,差异不显著,即LTE值不存在明显的细胞质遗传特点;但以‘赤霞珠’做母本的群体后代中抗寒性弱于母本的株系比例高;试验正反交群体株系冬季枝条均能正常萌芽,但群体株系在春季田间表现出不同的萌芽状态。春季萌芽后正反交群体后代均具有较高比例的田间无冻害单株(分别为50.7%和68.4%),说明利用山葡萄F1代做亲本能选育出抗寒旱性能强的品种,且以抗寒旱性能强的品种做母本其后代获得抗寒旱株系的概率更大。试验还发现,两个群体的LTE值与束自比均具有相关性,但春季田间冻害等级与冬季枝条含水量无直接相关性,冻害等级与LTE值也无相关性,推测北方春季气温回升后枝条中水分的变化影响葡萄的萌芽。The parents of'Cabernet Sauvignon'with weak cold resistance and'Beihong'with strong cold resistance were selected to construct the reciprocal cross population.Water content level,low-temperature exotherm(LTE),germination rate,and spring freezing degree were analyzed.The results showed that water content of all branches remained basically stable.The LTE values of reciprocal cross progenies showed a continuous normal distribution as compared to the parents,while there were those with lower value as compared to the resistant parent(43.47%and 41.25%,respectively).This was an indication of a super parental genetic characteristic of cold resistance in the two progenies.The mean LTE of the two populations were-21.01℃and-21.52℃,respectively.Hence,there was nosignificant difference between the two groups,and there were no obvious cytoplasmic genetic characteristics in LTE values.However,the'Cabernet Sauvignon'female progenies have higher proportion of less cold resistant offspring with high LTE values in comparison to their female'Cabernet Sauvignon'parents.The branches of the reciprocal progenies could sprout normally in winter but the bud population showed different germination states during spring.After germination in spring,the offspring of the reciprocal groups all have a large proportion of non-freezing plants(50.7%and 68.4%,respectively).This showed that the F1 generation of Vitis amurensis could be used as parents to breed varieties with strong cold and drought resistance,and the probability of obtaining cold and drought resistance progenies would be high.The LTE value correlates with the ratio of bound water to free water of both groups.However,there was no direct correlation between the spring freezing degree with the moisture content of the branches in winter,and the branch LTE values.It was suggested that the change of moisture content in the branches in northern China after the temperature rise in spring would affect the germination of grapevine.The results showed that using the parents with strong cold a

关 键 词：正反交群体 遗传特点 抗寒旱性 冰点值 含水量 冻害等级 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S603.6[农业科学—园艺学]