微塑料与有毒污染物相互作用及联合毒性作用研究进展  

Research Progress on Interaction and Joint Toxicity of Microplastics with Toxic Pollutants

作　　者：赵美静 夏斌[2,3] 朱琳 孙雪梅[2,3] 赵信国 戴伟[1] 陈碧鹃 曲克明 Zhao Meijing;Xia Bin;Zhu Lin;Sun Xuemei;Zhao Xinguo;Dai Wei;Chen Bijuan;Qu Keming(College of Fisheries,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水产学院,天津300384 [2]农业部海洋渔业资源可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,青岛266237

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2021年第5期168-185,共18页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(20603022019007,20603022020002);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费资助项目(2020TD12)。

摘　　要：随着塑料产品的广泛应用,微塑料(microplastics,MPs)污染已经成为全球关注的重大环境问题。海洋中的MPs能够与有毒污染物(如有机污染物、重金属和纳米颗粒等)发生相互作用,对海洋生物产生复合效应。因此,MPs与环境中有毒污染物的联合毒性效应越来越引起人们的关注。本文首先概括总结出MPs对海洋生物的毒性效应及致毒机制,包括遮蔽效应、氧化应激、免疫毒性、生殖毒性、遗传毒性、神经毒性和行为毒性等方面;随后分别讨论了MPs和有机污染物、重金属以及人工纳米颗粒的联合毒性效应,从微塑料对污染物的吸附、富集和载体效应着手分析微塑料与污染物之间的相互作用,凝练得出MPs增强或抑制污染物毒性的作用机制,包括微塑料改变污染物的生物可利用性、微塑料改变生物体对污染物的胁迫响应、微塑料与污染物发生交互作用等;最后对微塑料与有毒污染物联合毒作用研究的发展方向进行了展望,建议在未来研究中重点关注环境特征的次生微塑料与有毒污染物相互作用的环境行为和生物效应,特别是通过食物链的传递作用。以期为准确评估和深入理解微塑料的海洋环境和人类健康风险提供理论依据。With the widespread use of plastic products,microplastic pollution has become a major environmental issue of global concern.Microplastics(MP_(S))in the ocean can interact with toxic pollutants(such as organic pollutants,heavy metals and nanoparticles)and they have combined effects on marine organisms.Therefore,the combined toxic effects of MP_(S) and toxic pollutants in the environment have attracted more and more attention.This review generally summarized the toxic effects and mechanisms of MP_(S) on marine organisms,including shading effects,oxidative stress,immunotoxicity,reproductive toxicity,genetic toxicity,neurotoxicity and behavioral toxicity.Then,this review deeply discussed the combined toxicity of MP_(S) and organic pollutants,heavy metals and nanoparticles,respectively.Based on the adsorption,enrichment and carrier effect of microplastics on pollutants,the interaction between MPs and pollutants were analyzed.It concludes that microplastics can enhance or inhibit the toxicity of pollutants mainly through changing the bioavailability of pollutants,altering the stress response of organisms to pollutants,and interacting with the pollutants.Finally,the combined toxicity action mechanism of microplastics and toxic pollutants were investigated in future study.The future research should focus on the environmental behavior and biological effects between environmentally relevant microplastics and toxic pollutants,especially their trophic transfer through the food chain.This overview aims to provide the theoretical basis for the accurate assessment and in-depth understanding of the risks of microplastics in marine environment and human health.

关 键 词：微塑料 有机污染物 重金属 纳米颗粒 联合毒性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]