“目”“眼”词义历时演变比较研究——兼谈多义词研究对辞典编纂的作用  

Comparative Study on Diachronic Evolution of Meanings of“Mu”and“Yan”:Also Discussing the Role of Polysemous Word Research in Dictionary Compilation

作　　者：崔姗姗 贾燕子 CUI Shanshan;JIA Yanzi(School of Literature, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China)

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学文学院,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期8-16,共9页Ludong University Journal:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“词汇类型学视域下的汉语常用词历史演变研究”(21BYY136);教育部人文社科规划一般项目“类型学视阈下汉语常用词的跨域演变模式研究”(20YJA740023)。

摘　　要：“目”“眼”表示眼睛,且存在历时替换关系。研究表明,“目”“眼”在引申过程中突显形貌与功能特征,可投射至非人实体、抽象事物、计量单位、行为动作、言语、认知、情感、时间等不同目标域。基于形貌特征的语义演变机制是隐喻,外显的、直观的圆形形貌更容易用于比照身边的抽象之物;基于功能特征语义演变的机制是隐喻和转喻,功能特征不似形貌外显和直观,更容易基于相似性发生演变。此外,形貌和功能特征的本体同一性使得“目”“眼”词义具有趋同性,“目”“眼”突显特征的差异性又导致词义演变方向的不同。以上研究可为大型历时辞书补充新义项、提前始见书证,对辞典义项的设置、义项顺序的排列也具有重要的参考作用。“mu(目)”and“yan(眼)”refers to the eye,and there exists a diachronic replacement relationship.The research shows that“mu(目)”and“yan(眼)”highlight the features of morphology and function in the process of extension.They can be projected into different target domains,such as non-human entities,abstract objects,units of measurement,behavior,movement,speech,cognition,emotion,time.The semantic evolution mechanism based on morphological features is metaphor,and the obvious visual circular morphology is easier to be compared with the abstract objects around.The semantic evolution mechanism based on functional features is metaphor and metonymy.Functional features are less obvious and visual than morphological ones,and more likely to evolve based on similarity.In addition,the ontological identity of morphological and functional features makes the meanings of“mu(目)”and“yan(眼)”convergent,and the differences of prominent features of“mu(目)”and“yan(眼)”lead to the different evolution directions of word meanings.The above research can supplement new senses and see documentary evidence in advance for large diachronic dictionaries,and also have an important reference function for the sense setting and arrangement in dictionaries.

关 键 词：“目” “眼” 词义 历时演变 比较 辞典编撰 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语] H164