新型双子乳化剂的合成及其在乳化炸药中的应用  

Synthesis of A New Emulsifierand Its Application in Emulsion Explosive

作　　者：王彪 郝亮 张建忠 贾凯 赵新量 WANG Biao;HAO Liang;ZHANG Jian-zhong;JIA Kai;ZHAO Xin-liang(Inner Mongolia Shengli Civil Explosive Co.,Ltd.,Inner Mongolia Ordos 017000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古生力民爆股份有限公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000

出　　处：《广州化工》2022年第1期52-54,共3页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

摘　　要：本文首先采用失水山梨醇单油酸酯和马来酸酐为原料合成了失水山梨醇单油酸酯羧基衍生物,然后以失水山梨醇单油酸酯羧基衍生物与大豆磷脂为原料合成了大豆磷脂-失水山梨醇单油酸酯双子乳化剂(PC-SP)。通过乳化力考察了PC-SP的动力学稳定性,结果表明PC-SP的动力学稳定性优于失水山梨醇单油酸酯。以PC-SP为乳化剂分别制备了乳胶基质和乳化炸药,考察了PC-SP对界面张力、乳胶粒径、储存期和爆炸性能的影响,实验结果表明:PC-SP具有较强的表面活性,可将硝酸铵水溶液-复合蜡的界面张力降低至0.65 mN/m,优于失水山梨醇单油酸酯(1.35 mN/m);以PC-SP为乳化剂制备的乳胶颗粒的粒径为1.05μm,粒径分布更均匀、细小;PC-SP为乳化剂制备的乳化炸药储存期达到240 d以上,爆炸性能优良,符合GB28286-2012标准的要求。The carboxyl derivatives of sorbitol monooleate were synthesized by using sorbitol monooleate and maleic anhydride as raw materials,and then the soybean phospholipid sorbitol monooleate Gemini emulsifier(PC-SP)was synthesized by using the carboxyl derivatives of sorbitol monooleate and soybean phospholipid as raw materials.The results showed that the kinetic stability of PC-SP was better than that of sorbitol monooleate.Emulsion matrix and emulsion explosive were prepared by using PC-SP as emulsifier.The effects of PC-SP on interfacial tension,particle size,storage life and explosion performance of emulsion were investigated.The results showed that PC-SP had strong surface activity and could reduce the interfacial tension of ammonium nitrate aqueous solution and composite wax to 0.65 mN/m,which was better than that of sorbitol monooleate(1.35 mN/m).-sp was used as emulsifier to prepare emulsion matrix The particle size of PC-SP emulsion explosive was 1.05μm,the particle size distribution was more uniform and fine,the storage life of PC-SP emulsion explosive was more than 240 days,and the explosion performance was excellent.It met the requirements of GB28286-2012.

关 键 词：失水山梨醇单油酸酯 马来酸酐 大豆磷脂 乳化炸药 界面张力 

分 类 号：TQ641[化学工程—精细化工]