拼音知识在初级汉语水平学习者汉字阅读和生字学习中的作用  

The Role of Pinyin Knowledge in Chinese Character Reading and New Character Learning for Chinese Beginning Learners

作　　者：郝美玲[1] 赵春阳 Hao Meiling;Zhao Chunyang

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语进修学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2022年第1期101-114,共14页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目批准号21BYY171);国家社会科学基金重大项目(项目批准号17ZDA305);北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)(项目批准号19PT01)的资助。

摘　　要：本研究以初级汉语水平学习者为研究对象,考察了拼音知识在他们汉字阅读和生字学习中的作用以及作用路径。结果发现,拼音知识可以有效预测学习者的汉字阅读成绩,也可以预测形声字学习成绩以及同声旁未学生字的阅读正确率;拼音知识可以直接作用于汉字阅读,也可以通过语音意识的中介效应间接作用于汉字阅读,其直接作用大于间接作用。该结果说明熟练的拼音知识能够有效帮助学习者建立汉字字形与字音之间的联结,发现形声字及其声旁之间读音上的联系,从而更好地学习和记忆汉字。基于这一结果,我们建议在初级阶段的汉字教学中,加强拼音的教学和巩固,以保证汉字学习效果。This study focuses on the role of Pinyin knowledge in Chinese reading and new character learning and how it works among Chinese beginning learners.The results show that Pinyin knowledge can effectively predict not only Chinese reading performance,but also the learning performance of semantic-phonetic compound characters and the correct rates of new characters with the same phonetic radicals.Pinyin knowledge can play a direct role in Chinese reading,or act indirectly on Chinese reading through the mediating effect of phonological awareness,with its direct effect being stronger than its indirect effect.Proficient knowledge of Pinyin can effectively help learners to establish the connection between the print and sound of Chinese,and discover the phonetic connections between semantic-phonetic compound characters and their phonetic radicals,so that learners can learn and memorize Chinese characters better.Based on these findings,we propose that the teaching and consolidation of Pinyin should be strengthened in the teaching of Chinese characters at the elementary level in order to ensure the effectiveness of Chinese character learning.

关 键 词：拼音知识 语音意识 汉字阅读 生字学习 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]