教师心理健康问题与调适:角色理论视角的考量  

Teachers’ Mental Health and Adjustment: From the Perspective of Role Theory

作　　者：靳娟娟 俞国良[2] JIN Juan-juan;YU Guo-liang(School of Education,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China;Institute of Psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学心理研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《教师教育研究》2021年第6期45-51,共7页Teacher Education Research

基　　金：中国人民大学2020年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划成果。

摘　　要：教师是多重角色承担者,在角色扮演和转换的过程中正面临着巨大的心理压力、基本心理需要的剥夺和责任边界的无限扩大,直接威胁着教师的心理健康。本文基于角色理论视角,分析了教师在角色认知、角色规范、角色期望以及角色冲突等过程中可能出现的情绪情感、人格异常、人际关系以及职业倦怠等问题的特点及成因,并有的放矢地提出了应对措施。在此基础上,提出新时代教师心理健康维护与促进,应从个体、人际、群体以及社会层面着手,锚定角色定位、角色承担、角色训练和角色协调,切实改善和提高教师心理健康水平。Teachers are multi role undertakers. In the process of role playing and exchanging, they are facing enormous psychological pressure, deprivation of basic psychological needs and unlimited expansion of responsibility boundary, which directly threaten teachers’ mental health. Based on the perspective of role theory, this paper analyzes the characteristics and causes of emotional problems, personality abnormalities, interpersonal relationships and job burnout that may occur in the process of teachers’ role cognition, role norm, role expectation and role conflict, and puts forward targeted countermeasures. On this basis, this paper proposes that the maintenance and promotion of teachers’ mental health in the new era should start from the individual, interpersonal, group and social levels, anchor the role location, role taking, role training and role coordination, and effectively improve the level of teachers’ mental health.

关 键 词：教师 角色理论 心理健康问题 心理健康促进 

分 类 号：G443[哲学宗教—心理学]