漂流性鱼卵安全漂流的临界水动力条件实验研究  

Experimental study on critical hydrodynamic conditions for safe drifting of semi-buoyant eggs

作　　者：胡鹏[1] 唐家璇 杨泽凡[1] 曾庆慧 杨明达 HU Peng;TANG Jiaxuan;YANG Zefan;ZENG Qinghui;YANG Mingda(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《水利学报》2021年第12期1430-1438,共9页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404503);国家自然科学基金项目(52009146,51625904)。

摘　　要：漂流性鱼卵安全漂流的水动力条件对于生态流量目标制定、鱼类生境保护和早期资源量恢复具有重要意义。为了探求近天然条件下鱼卵安全漂流的临界水动力条件,本文通过建设室外大型明渠,对56种不同工况下,不同流速、水深、水面宽以及水流雷诺数对鱼卵漂流的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明:水面宽一定时,鱼卵安全漂流对流速的要求随水深的升高而降低;水深一定时,在一定流速范围内,水面越宽,鱼卵收集率越高;相比于单一流速条件,以水流雷诺数作为漂流性鱼卵能否安全漂流的判别条件更加科学合理,在明渠均匀流中,水流雷诺数达到7.9×10^(4)以上时,鱼卵收集率超过90%,实现安全漂流。相关成果对于开展天然河流鱼类产卵期敏感生态需水目标制定、鱼卵漂流轨迹模拟、水利工程生态调度等具有支撑作用。Research on critical hydrodynamic conditions for safe drifting of semi-buoyant eggs is of great significances on ecological flow target setting,fish habitat protection and early fish resources restoration.In order to explore critical hydrodynamic conditions for safe drifting,56 different experimental groups with varying flow velocity,water depth,water surface width and Reynolds number were carried out to investigate the effects on semi-buoyant eggs drifting in large-scale open flume.The results show that when water surface is constant,the requirements of flow velocity for safe drifting decrease with the increase of water depth;when the water depth is constant and within a certain range of flow velocity,the wider the water surface is,the higher the collection rate of semi-buoyant eggs will be;and compared with the single flow velocity,it is more reasonable to use the Reynolds number as the criterion for safe drifting of semi-buoyant eggs,according to the experimental results,for uniform flow in open channel,when the Reynolds number reaches 7.9×10^(4) or more,the semi-buoyant eggs collection rate can reach 90%so that achieve safe drifting.This study can support the setting of sensitive ecological water demand targets during fish spawning period of natural rivers,simulation of fish eggs drifting trajectory and ecological regulation of water conservancy projects.

关 键 词：漂流性鱼卵 水动力条件 明渠均匀流 雷诺数 生态流量 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]