废旧电池电极材料的磁性分离机制及其提纯工艺  

Magnetic separation mechanism and purification process of spent battery electrode materials

作　　者：甘涛 宋卫锋[1] 刘勇 吕先谨 刘超 胡志成 GAN Tao;SONG Wei-feng;LIU Yong;LU Xian-jin;LIU Chao;HU Zhi-cheng(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006;China 2.Institute of Comprehensive Utilization of Resources,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650;China 3.State Key Laboratory of Rare Metal Separation and Comprehensive Utilization,Guangzhou 510650)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510006 [2]广东省科学院资源综合利用研究所,广州510650 [3]稀有金属分离与综合利用国家重点实验室,广州510650

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2021年第12期3664-3674,共11页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：广州市重点科学研究项目(201804020024);广东省科学院专项资金项目(2019GDASYL-0402003)。

摘　　要：目前,废旧锂离子电池产生量日益增加,但其混合正负极活性材料分离提纯工艺方法存在不足,本文提出了一种环境友好的物理分离回收方法——磁选-浮选法。结果表明:多种主流锂离子电池正极活性材料均能被高梯度磁选设备吸附,而作为负极的石墨材料则不会被吸附。以废旧磷酸铁锂动力电池进行高梯度磁选分离实验,所得磁性产物中C品位可降低至12%~13%,非磁性产物中C品位可提高至91%~92%。此外,将高梯度磁选与泡沫浮选相结合,可以进一步提高分离效率,所得LiFePO_(4)产品中C品位可降低至4.8%。试验结果对于开发适用的废旧磷酸铁锂电池回收工艺具有重要参考作用。At present,the amount of waste lithium-ion batteries is increasing day by day,but there are shortcomings in the separation and purification process of mixed positive and negative active materials.Therefore,an environment-friendly physical separation and recovery method,magnetic separation combined with flotation,was proposed in this paper.The results show that a variety of mainstream lithium ion battery cathode active materials can be adsorbed by high gradient magnetic separation equipment,while graphite materials used as anode materials will not be adsorbed.In the experiment of high gradient magnetic separation with waste LiFePO_(4) power battery,the grade of C in magnetic products can be reduced to 12%-13%,and the grade of C in non-magnetic products can be increased to 91%-92%.In addition,the combination of high gradient magnetic separation and foam flotation can further enhance the separation efficiency,and the C grade of the LiFePO_(4) products can be reduced to 4.8%.The experimental results have important reference value for the development of suitable recycling process of waste LiFePO_(4) batteries.

关 键 词：废旧锂离子电池 混合电极活性材料 高梯度磁选 磷酸铁锂电池 泡沫浮选 

分 类 号：X773[环境科学与工程—环境工程]