移居、语言与融合:马来西亚潮州人之语言变迁探讨  

Migration,Language and Integration:Study on Some Changes of the Teochew Dialect in Malaysia

作　　者：林绮纯 LIN Qi-chun(Anthropology Department,Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong China 999077)

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学人类学系,中国香港999077

出　　处：《汕头大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第3期5-14,94,共11页Journal of Shantou University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：主要以马来西亚雪兰莪州的华人渔村为田野点,关注当地潮州籍华人华裔的潮州话本土化现象,以“咖啡店”为研究的语域,从饮食、政治经济生活、日常起居、卫生医疗等几个方面,探讨在多民族的语言接触环境中,潮州话是如何受到不同语言和生存环境的影响而产生语言的变迁。居住在马来西亚西海岸地区的潮州籍渔民,他们的先辈多数是因天灾、战乱、贫困等因素而从中国东南沿海地区迁徙至海外。随着他们的移居,这群华人在祖籍地家乡所传承的语言也被带到新的居住地家乡,然而,历经一个多世纪的适应,他们的家乡话已经与当下中国潮州地区的潮州话有很多不同,演化得具有其本土化特色。当地的潮州人形容自己讲的潮州话已经“番化”,即不纯正,讲的话就像当地的一种小吃——rojak(水果或蔬菜沙拉),杂七杂八。研究认为,语言的杂糅性正是华人们融入主流社会的写照,他们在海外的生存挑战和适应过程,铭刻在他们的家乡话中,丰富了它的内涵。Based on long-term fieldwork study on the Chinese in PulauKetam and some other fishing villages in Selangor,Malaysia,this article provides a discussion of Teochew Chinese’s linguistic change,covering various aspects,like food,political-economic life,the dwelling life,as well as hygienic and medical practices.Focusing on“kopi-tiam”domain,the author examines how the Teochew dialect has changed under the influences of the multilingual environment and the ways of life in Malaysia.The ancestors of these Teochew fishermen migrated from the southeast coastal areas of China due to natural disasters,wars,poverty,and other factors.After more than a century of adaptation,the Teochew dialect in Malaysia exhibits many differences from the Teochew dialect in China,having evolved with its local characteristics.The local Teochews say that their dialect is no longer pureand describe it as a like rojak(a Malaysian fruit and vegetable salad),with a mixture Malay terms and other local characteristics.This hybridity of language reflects the integration of the Teochews into the Malaysian society.Their successful adaptation to the local society is inscribed in their hometown dialect,which has been enriched to express local experiences.

关 键 词：马来西亚 潮州人 多语环境 语言接触 语言变迁 本土化 

分 类 号：H07[语言文字—语言学] C956[社会学—民族学]