中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网对组织器官损害的研究进展  

Research progress of neutrophil extracellular traps induced tissue and organ damage

作　　者：余武汉 陈浪 李腾飞 肖国辉 张有成[1] YU Wuhan;CHEN Lang;LI Tengfei;XIAO Guohui;ZHANG Youcheng(Department of General Surgery,the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学第二医院普通外科,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国普通外科杂志》2021年第12期1485-1494,共10页China Journal of General Surgery

基　　金：甘肃省兰州市科技发展指导计划基金资助项目(2019-ZD-71);兰州大学第二医院“萃英科技创新”计划基金资助项目(CY2018-MS14);甘肃省兰州市城关区科技计划基金资助项目(2014-4-4);万特尔合作研究基金资助项目(2020SW-YX032)。

摘　　要：中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NETs)是中性粒细胞在细菌、真菌,病毒和寄生虫等刺激下释放到细胞外并由DNA、组蛋白、颗粒蛋白和胞浆蛋白等组成的网状纤维结构。根据刺激物的不同,NETs的形成方式主要有两大类:非烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶依赖性途径和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶依赖性途径。NETs具有抗炎和促炎双重作用,一方面它能够捕获、固定并杀死入侵病原体,从而发挥抗微生物作用,这有利于炎症消退,这是中性粒细胞发挥宿主防御的一种特殊方式;另一方面,当NETs生成过多或清除不足时,不仅可以直接造成组织损伤,还可募集其他促炎细胞或蛋白质,引起炎症因子的释放并进一步扩大炎症反应,参与多种疾病的病理损伤。因此,笔者通过综述NETs与肺部疾病、肝脏疾病、肠道疾病和肿瘤等疾病的关系,揭示它的异常形成与清除障碍在组织器官损伤中的作用,以期为临床部分疾病的发生机制做出解释,亦为探讨药物干预NETs相关机制及靶向治疗提供重要的方向指导和理论基础。Neutrophil extracellular trapping nets(NETs) are reticular fibrous structures composed of DNA, histone,granule protein and cytoplasmic protein released by neutrophils under the stimulation of bacteria, fungi,viruses, and parasites. According to different stimuli, the formation of NETs mainly falls into two categories: non-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent pathway and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent pathway. NETs have both antiinflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects. On the one hand, they can capture, fix and kill invading pathogens, playing an antimicrobial role, and help inflammation subside. This is a special way for neutrophils to play host defense. On the other hand, when it produces too much or clearance is insufficient, it can directly cause tissue damage, but also recruit other pro-inflammatory cells or proteins to promote the release of inflammatory factors, further to expand the inflammatory response and participate in the pathological damage of a variety of diseases. Therefore, the authors by summarizing the relationship between NETs and lung diseases, liver diseases, intestinal diseases, tumors, and other diseases reveal the roles of abnormal formation and clearance of NETs in tissue and organ injury, to explain the occurrence mechanism of some clinical diseases, and also provide important direction guidance and theoretical basis for exploring the relevant mechanism of drug intervention in NETs and targeted therapy.

关 键 词：胞外诱捕网 损伤 肿瘤 综述 

分 类 号：R363[医药卫生—病理学]