社区老年痴呆照料者负担及相关因素分析  

Analysis aboutthe burden and related factors of elderly dementia caregivers in the community

作　　者：杨庚林[1,2,3] 白布加甫·高娃 居西昆·阿合买提 卜春燕 张伟峰 齐爱丽 YANG Geng-lin;Baibujiafu Gaowa;Juxikun Ahemaiti;PU Chun-yan;ZHANG Wei-feng;QI Ai-li(The Fourth People’s Hospital of Urumqi,Urumqi,830002,China;The Mental health center of Xinjiang,Urumqi,830002,China;The Institute of mental health of Xinjiang,Urumqi,830002,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市第四人民医院,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]新疆精神卫生中心,乌鲁木齐830002 [3]新疆精神卫生研究所,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《新疆医学》2021年第11期1253-1257,共5页Xinjiang Medical Journal

基　　金：乌鲁木齐市卫生健康委科技计划项目(项目编号:201902)。

摘　　要：目的探讨社区老年痴呆照料者照料负担及其相关因素。方法随机抽取四个社区符合老年痴呆诊断的患者,其照料者为研究对象。采用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(Generalized anxiety disorder-7,GAD-7)将照料者分为焦虑组(研究组)和非焦虑症(对照组),对两组进行一般资料收集,采用自编调查问卷、疾病照料者负担的量表(Caregiver Burden Inventory,CBI)、心理弹性量表(Conner-Davidson resilience scale,CDRISC)、社会支持量表对社区老年痴呆患者照料者(n=592)进行评估,采用简易智力状态检查量表(Mini-mental state examination,MMSE)评估老年痴呆患者的认知功能损害进行评估。结果本研究实际有效研究对象共592人,检出焦虑185人(31.3%)。不同年龄段的老年痴呆患者照料者焦虑差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同性别、不同文化程度、不同照料关系的老年痴呆患者照料者焦虑差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组社区老年痴呆照料者在照料负担、社会支持、心理弹性、患者认知和疾病负荷均有统计学差异(P<0.01);多因素分析(广义线性模型)显示高的心理弹性(-0.346,P=0.000)和丰富的社会支持(-0.574,P=0.000)与减轻照料者负担因素有关。结论老年痴呆照料者照料负担重,临床医生在治疗老年痴呆患者的同时,可采取相应心理治疗提高老年痴呆照料者的心理弹性和丰富其社会支持。Objective To explore the burden of care and related factors of community caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease.Methods Four communities were randomly selected according to the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease,and their caregivers were chosen as study subjects.The caregivers were divided into anxiety group(study group)and non-anxiety group(control group)by generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale(GAD-7).The general data of two groups were collected.The caregivers(n=592)of community Alzheimer’s patients were assessed with self-designed questionnaire,Disease Caregiver Burden Inventory(CBI),Psychological Resilience Scale(CDRISC)and social support scale.The mini mental state examination(MMSE)was used to assess the cognitive impairment of Alzheimer’s patients.Results There were 592 subjects in this study,185 cases(31.3%)were found to be anxious.There was a significant difference in anxiety in different age(P<0.01).There was significant difference in anxiety among the caregivers with different gender,education level and differentrelationship with patients(P<0.05).There were significant differences in care burden,social support,psychological flexibility,patients’cognition and disease burden between the two groups(P<0.01).Multivariate analysis(generalized linear model)showed that high psychological resilience(-0.346,P=0.000)and abundant social support(-0.574,P=0.000)were related to reducing caregiver burden.Conclusions The burdenof the elderly dementia caregivers is heavy.Clinicians can take corresponding psychotherapy to improve the psychological flexibility of the elderly dementia caregivers and enrich their social support.

关 键 词：社区 老年痴呆照料者 照料负担 心理弹性 社会支持 

分 类 号：R74[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]