英美对港政策的比较研究——基于大国博弈、国家利益与外交传统视阈  

On the Comparison of British and American Policies towards Hong Kong——Based on the Games of Powers, National Interests and Diplomatic Traditions

作　　者：周方舟 Zhou Fangzhou

机构地区：[1]国务院港澳事务办公室港澳研究所

出　　处：《港澳研究》2021年第4期46-54,95,共10页Hong Kong and Macao Journal

摘　　要：通常认为,英美对港政策受英美特殊关系影响,表现出较高的一致性和协调性。但通过对历史事件和当前政策的梳理和对比发现,英美在香港问题上的对外政策有各自的特征和规律。英国在对港事务的干预上呈现出渐进性、灵活性、回应性的特点,而美国在对港政策上体现出明显的介入性、对抗性、遏制性。从产生差异的原因来看,首先,英美两国在以权力政治为主导的大国博弈中存在物质性权力、对相对收益的预期和对香港地缘政治特性的判断等方面的差异;其次,英美受各自国家利益驱动,其对外战略目标定位和香港问题在国家利益中的层级有明显区别;最后,两国不同的外交传统和战略偏好也对各自对港政策的形成产生了影响。可以看出,未来英美对华关系的调整将继续深刻影响各自对港行动路径。It is generally believed that the British and American policies towards Hong Kong appear to be a high level of consistency and coordination due to the impact of Anglo-American"Special Relationship". However, through the sorting and comparison of historical events and current policies, the British and American foreign policies towards Hong Kong have their own characteristics and patterns. Britain shows gradualness, flexibility and reactiveness during its interference in Hong Kong affairs, while the US presents obvious interventions, rivalry and containment in policies towards Hong Kong. In terms of the reasons that cause differences, national material power, expectations of relative gains and the judgement of Hong Kong’s geopolitical characteristics diversified in the games of powers dominated by political power. Furthermore, driven by respective national interest, there exists a clear distinction between their positioning of foreign strategic objectives as well as Hong Kong affairs in national interest hierarchy. Lastly, the different diplomatic traditions and strategic preferences also influenced the formulation of policies towards Hong Kong. It can be seen that the adjustment of Sino-British relations and ChinaUS relations may persistently and profoundly influence their actions towards Hong Kong separately in the future.

关 键 词：中英关系 中美关系 香港 

分 类 号：D676.58[政治法律—政治学] D822[政治法律—中外政治制度]