我国城市地下空间立法的特点、问题及改进  

Characteristics, Problems and Improvement of Urban Underground Space Legislation in China

作　　者：才惠莲 CAI Huilian(School of Public Administration,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)公共管理学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2022年第1期218-224,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BFX123);武汉市通隧建设投资有限公司项目(2020176261)。

摘　　要：合理开发利用城市地下空间,把握好城镇化战略着力点,是我国实现新时代高质量发展的客观要求。目前,我国城市地下空间立法渐成体系,表现为中央和地方立法并进、综合与专项立法互补的特点,尤其是地方政府先行先试、积极探索,为城市地下空间开发利用提供了具有可操作性的规则。结合《民法典》《城市地下空间开发利用管理规定》以及现行有效的24件地方城市地下空间综合立法,论文对我国城市地下空间立法的特点和存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的改进建议。结果表明:我国城市地下空间立法相关矛盾和问题聚焦于对空间权利的认识,涉及到空间所有权和空间利用权两个方面:一方面,我国空间所有权权利体系不够完整,地下空间开发利用在"国家所有的土地"上进行,物权法并未涉及农村集体所有土地的地下空间开发利用及其限度;另一方面,空间尚未成为独立的物权客体,空间权利包含在土地权利之中,城市地下空间只是土地向下的延伸,实践中出现大量地下空间建筑物、构筑物及其附属设施,而空间利用权客体范围却存在模糊;我国城市地下空间立法改进的根本要义和诉求,即是要设立空间所有权国家保留深度,承认空间利用权是独立的物权,明确空间利用权客体范围的认识标准,从而加强物权法对空间权利体系的设计。Reasonable development and utilization of urban underground space and grasping the key points of urbanization strategy are the objective requirements for China to realize high-quality development and sustainable utilization of urban underground space in the new era.At present, the legislation of urban underground space in China has gradually become a system, which is characterized by the simultaneous development of central and local legislation, the complementary characteristics of comprehensive and special legislation, especially the local governments’ initiative and active exploration, which provides operational rules for the development and utilization of urban underground space.Combined with the Civil Code,the Administrative Provisions on the Development and Utilization of Urban Underground Space,as well as 24 pieces of current effective comprehensive legislation of underground space in local cities, this research analyzes the characteristics and problems of urban underground space legislation in China, and proposes corresponding suggestions.The results indicate that the relevant contradictions and problems of urban underground space legislation in China are centered on the understanding of space rights, involving two aspects of space ownership and space utilization right.On the one hand, China’s urban underground space ownership right system is not complete, the development and utilization of underground space is carried out on “state-owned land”,and the Property Law does not involve the development and utilization of underground space and its limits of farmers collectively owned land.On the other hand, space has not yet become an independent object of property rights.Space rights are included in land rights.Urban underground space is only the downward extension of land.In practice, there are a large number of underground space buildings, structures and ancillary facilities, but the scope of space use right object is vague.Therefore, the fundamental meaning and appeal of the legislative improvement o

关 键 词：城市地下空间立法 空间权利 空间所有权 空间利用权 中国 

分 类 号：X197[环境科学与工程—环境科学]