现在完成体中动词的语义特征——基于BNC语料库子库的构式搭配分析  

Semantic Features of Verbs in the Present Perfect: A Collostructional Analysis Based on BNC Subcorpora

作　　者：张立英 ZHANG Liying

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学外国语学院

出　　处：《中国外语》2021年第6期36-44,共9页Foreign Languages in China

基　　金：浙江省社科规划课题(编号:22NDJC076YB);杭州市哲学社会科学规划课题(编号:M21JC053)成果;得到浙江理工大学科研启动基金(编号:20112231-Y);浙江理工大学哲学社会科学预研基金(编号:20116203-Y);浙江理工大学科研业务费专项资金(编号:2021Q083)资助。

摘　　要：本研究基于英国国家语料库(BNC)的小说和报纸语料探讨了现在完成体的动词语义特征;利用构式搭配分析法提取被现在完成体吸引和排斥的动词,并按照动词时间特征对其进行分类。结果表明,现在完成体吸引成就、完结动词,活动动词呈分化现象,现在完成体对活动动词既有吸引又有排斥。对现在完成体吸引和排斥动词的进一步分析表明,活动动词的方式/结果语义特征的区分,可以解释被现在完成体吸引和排斥的动词。方式动词被现在完成体排斥,而结果动词被现在完成体吸引。现在完成体对动词类型的选择性可以由动词的语义特征及完成体构式义得到解释。Based on data from the BNC fiction and newspaper sections, this study explores the semantic features of the verbs in the present perfect construction. Collostructional analysis is employed to calculate verbs that are strongly attracted to and strongly repelled by the present perfect construction.The selected verbs are classified according to the temporal schemata of the verbs. The results indicate that the present perfect attracts achievement and accomplishment verbs. For activity verbs, their behavior diverges: some of them are attracted by the present perfect, while some are repelled by the present perfect. Further analysis of the activity verbs indicates that the manner/result distinction of activity verbs can better explain the attraction and repulsion relationship between verbs and the present perfect.Manner verbs are repelled by the present perfect and result verbs are attracted to the present perfect. The selectivity of the present perfect construction can be explained by the semantic features of the verbs and the meaning of the present perfect construction.

关 键 词：现在完成体 动词类型 语义特征 构式搭配分析 

分 类 号：H0-06[语言文字—语言学]