中原腹地龙山文化到二里头文化时期先民的肉食消费再研究  

Restudy on the Meat Consumption of the Ancients from Longshan Culture to Erlitou Culture in the Heartland of Central Plains

作　　者：李志鹏[1] Li Zhipeng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《南方文物》2021年第5期155-166,共12页Cultural Relics in Southern China

摘　　要：动物考古学者多年来通过动物遗存的量化统计尤其是动物的最小个体数的定量统计来探讨古人肉食消费特征与获取肉食资源的方式。本文探讨了如何利用现代畜牧学和动物学对于家养动物和野生动物可食用肉量的科学调查资料,研究考古遗址中古人利用的动物能提供的可食用肉量并以此分析其肉食贡献。本文还通过中原腹地龙山文化时期到二里头文化时期的考古遗址的已有动物考古资料及研究成果提供的数据,在动物最小个体数统计的基础上统计不同种类的动物提供的可食用肉量及各自所占百分比,并与最小个体数统计方法所得结果进行比较。本文的研究表明,在分析家养动物和野生动物总体上对于古人的肉食贡献并在此基础上探讨古人获取肉食资源方式是以捕猎野生动物为主还是以饲养家养动物为主方面,两种统计方法所得结果较为一致,都支持袁靖先生对中国新石器时代以来获取肉食资源方式的研究结论。另一方面宜采用肉量估算方法来探讨具体每种动物尤其是不同家养动物对于先民的肉食贡献及古人的肉食消费状况,这有助于进一步探讨与古人肉食消费状况相关的考古学与历史学问题。此外,本文虽未直接讨论夏人的肉食消费状况,但本文探讨的时空范围内各考古学文化和重要考古遗址与夏文化的探索息息相关,因此本文的研究结果对研究夏人的肉食种类、肉食消费特征及上述相关问题也有参考价值。For many years,Zooarchaelogists have been exploring the characteristics of meat consumption and the ways of meat resources acquisition of anciert people through quantitative research of faunal remains from archaeological site,especially quantitative statistics based on MNI(Minimum number of individuals).This paper discusses how to use the scientific data on the edible meat of different animal species of modern zootechny and zoology to investigate the edible meat quantity of different species of domestic and wild animals eaten by the ancients based on quantitative statistics based on MNI.Based on the existing zooarchaeological data and research of archaeological sites from Longshan Culture period to Erlitou Culture period in the heartland of Central Plains,this paper makes statistics on the edible meat quantity of different animal species and their respective percertages based on the MNI quantification,meanwhile compares the result according to meat weight estimation and MNI quadtification.The analysis of this paper reveals the meat weight estimation based oI MNI quantification of animals,and compares the results with those obtained just by MNI statistical method.The research of this paper shows that,the result of the above two method are almost consistent in exploring whether the ancients obtained meat resources mainly by fishing and Hunting or by raising domestic arimals,which both supports Yuang Jing’s research on the way of meat acquisition by people from Neolithic Age to history period.On the other hand,the analysis of this paper also reveals that we should use the method of edible meat quantity estimation to explore the contribution of different animal species to human diet,especially domestic a1 imal species and the characteristics of the ancients’ meat consumption,which also helps to fiirther explore the archaeological and historical issues related to the meat co1 sumption of the ancients.In addition,although this paper does not directly discuss the meat consumption of the Xia people during the Xia dyn

关 键 词：中原腹地 龙山文化 二里头文化 肉食消费 动物考古 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]