杜甫“致君尧舜”政治理想论  

Examination of Du Fu’s Political Ideal of “To Yao and Shun”

作　　者：李芳民[1] LI Fang-min(Faculty of Liberal Arts, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期112-121,共10页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“唐代到北宋丝绸之路(陆路)上的驿站、寺庙、重要古迹与文人活动、文学创作及文化传播”(18ZDA241)子课题阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“致君尧舜上,再使风俗淳”是杜甫的政治理想,而其形成则有特殊的语境。“致君尧舜”从早期的褒奖勋臣语,至初唐则演变为君王对臣僚的政治期许,复又由君王之政治期许,演化为官僚文人仕宦的政治理想。杜甫在尚未入仕且生计困顿之际树立起这样的理想,显示了其理想抱负之不凡。入仕之初,他以稷、契自期,以谏诤之道作为实现“致君尧舜”理想之方式与途径,而终因与现实的错位,导致了他仕宦的挫折与失败。暮年则因身份的变化,他对“致君尧舜”理想实现的途径虽稍有一些变化,但坚持理想之初衷未渝。杜甫因其政治理想而导致的仕宦挫折与人生遭际,有着深刻的思想文化根源,在中国古代士人中,也具有一定的典型意义。It is Du Fu’s political ideal that “To Yao and Shun” can make the custom pure, and its formation boasts a special context.The ideal era of ancient Tao Tang and Youyu as the social governance, after the shaping of Confucianism, was basically finalized till the Warring States Period, thus, Yao and Shun became the models of the virtuous emperors.During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, there existed different opinions on how to rule the country. After controversies, following Yao and Shun and the advocated education, it became the political concept of social governance at that time. Therefore, the emperors of the Tang Dynasty also claimed to follow the examples of Yao and Shun. Therefore, “To Yao and Shun” became the direction of efforts of the later Tang Dynasty scholars.However, from the meaning and use of the phrase“To Yao and Shun”, it has an evolution process, that is, it has experienced the changes from praising the official to the political expectation of the official, and then evolving into the changing process of the political ideal of the bureaucratic literati and officials. The political ideal of “To Yao and Shun” was put forward by Du Fu, when he was not yet an official and with a poor livelihood, and it shows his extraordinary ideal and ambition.After entering the political career, especially when he was appointed a small official named Zuoshiyi, he took the ancient sages and the kings as his examples to realize his political ideal of “To Yao and Shun” by making admonitions to the emperor.Gradually, he lost the trust of Emperor Suzong, and was finally demoted to Huazhou as a minor military official named Sigong Canjun, thus the conditions were lost for“To Yao and Shun”. Later he abandoned Sigong in Huazhou, because he had no chance to realize the ideal of “To Yao and Shun” as an outsider, but he still cherished his original intention, and this time he no longer expected to realize his ideal through his personal admonitions but through his friends.Du Fu had a

关 键 词：杜甫 致君尧舜 政治理想 谏诤精神 典型意义 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]