县域水生态空间识别及其分布特征  

Identification and Distribution Characteristics of Hydro-ecological Space in Counties

作　　者：康丽婷 胡希军 罗紫薇[1,2,3] 韦宝婧 周冬梅 KANG Liting;HU Xijun;LUO Ziwei;WEI Baojing;ZHOU Dongmei(College of Landscape Architecture,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004;Institute of Urban and Rural Landscape Ecology,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004;Hunan Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources,Changsha 410004)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学风景园林学院,长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学城乡景观生态研究所,长沙410004 [3]湖南省自然保护地风景资源大数据工程技术研究中心,长沙410004

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第1期170-181,共12页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家林业局重点学科项目(林人发[2016]21号);湖南省“双一流”培育学科项目(湘教通[2018]469号);中南林业科技大学研究生科技创新基金项目(CX202101023);湖南省研究生科研创新基金项目(CX20210850)。

摘　　要：科学地识别区域水生态空间并分析其分布特征对水生态空间的规划和洪涝灾害等水生态问题的调控具有重要意义。以湖南省临澧县为研究区,构建水生态空间分类体系,借助GIS及RS平台,识别区域显性水生态空间,可视化水源涵养、水土保持、洪水调蓄3种隐性水生态空间,定量分析各水生态空间分布特征,并将整合的显、隐性水生态空间与土地利用现状图叠加分析。结果表明:(1)显性水生态空间占临澧县总面积的4.73%,以点状、斑块状、带状及枝状分布于县域,处于低海拔、较缓坡区;(2)隐性水生态空间面积占比为49.97%,少于水源涵养、水土保持和洪水调蓄空间面积占比总和69.68%,三者分别占比15.44%,38.07%,16.17%,均呈现“小集中、大分散”的特征,识别结果直观地反映了维护区域水生态安全的空间分布特征;(3)水生态空间占临澧县总面积的49.99%,主要分布于道水、澧水及其支流周边区域,中小型水库区域呈斑块散布;(4)水生态空间中的耕地和建设用地所占比例分别为44.40%,21.19%,表明水生态空间与人类活动剧烈的非生态用地类型存在重叠空间。研究结果揭示了临澧县土地利用现状与水生态空间存在冲突,后期可重新规划水生态空间中的非生态用地类型,以期高效保护水生态空间和规避水生态安全问题。Scientifically identifying regional hydro-ecological space and analyzing its distribution characteristics were of great significance to the planning of hydro-ecological space and the regulation of hydro-ecological space problems such as flood disasters.Taking Linli County,Hunan Province,as the research area,this study constructed a classification system of hydro-ecological space with the help of GIS and RS platform,regional explicit hydro-ecological space was identified,and the three types of recessive hydro-ecological spaces of regional water conservation,soil and water conservation and flood regulation were visualized.And the distribution characteristics of each water ecological space were quantitatively analyzed.Finally,explicit and recessive hydro-ecological spaces that were integrated were superposed with current land use map for analysis.The results showed that:(1)Explicit hydro-ecological space occupied 4.73%of total area of Linli County,which distributed in dots,patches,bands and branches in the county,and located in a low-altitude,relatively gentle slope area.(2)The area of recessive hydro-ecological space accounted for 49.97%,which was less than 69.68%of the total area of water conservation,soil and water conservation and flood regulation space,which accounted for 15.44%,38.07%and 16.17%,respectively,showing the characteristics of“small concentration and large dispersion”.The identification results intuitively reflected spatial distribution characteristics of maintaining regional hydro-ecological security.(3)Hydro-ecological space accounted for 49.99%of total area of Linli County,which mainly distributed in the areas around Daoshui,Lishui and its tributaries.Small and medium-sized reservoirs were scattered in patches.(4)The proportions of cultivated land and construction land in hydro-ecological space were 44.40%and 21.19%,respectively,indicating that there was an overlapping space between hydro-ecological space and non-ecological land types with intensive human activities.This study revealed that c

关 键 词：显性水生态空间 隐性水生态空间 水生态空间识别 水土保持 水源涵养 洪水调蓄 空间分布 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]