国家之外:叶芝与跨文化民族主义  

Beyond the Nation:Yeats and Cross-Cultural Nationalism

作　　者：金英敏[1,2,3] Youngmin Kim(Dongguk University,Korea;Ma Yun Education Fund at Hangzhou Normal University;English Language and Literature Association of Korea)

机构地区：[1]韩国东国大学 [2]杭州师范大学马云教育基金 [3]韩国英国语言与文学学会

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2021年第6期14-29,共16页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：“大动荡与疫情流行时代的人文学科技术伦理:人工智能、数字人文、跨媒体艺术和世界文学的融合”(NRF-2020K2A9A2A20112413);韩国国家研究基金会管理的国际合作项目的支持。

摘　　要：谢默斯·迪恩和理查德·科尼认为,叶芝的民族主义思想揭示了神话化与神秘化的消极和破坏性的一面。德克兰·基伯德在《创造爱尔兰:现代爱尔兰文学》一书中指出,叶芝在早期诗作里寻求独特的爱尔兰形式与诗风,宣示了浪漫主义和现代主义的民族主义理念。依笔者之见,叶芝长期提议的是,爱尔兰应该通过自我反省“爱尔兰是否保持了文化民族主义历史”来了解自己和自己的历史,在探索另可替代的、多种多样的、包容的跨文化民族主义的过程中,解构传统的爱尔兰民族主义。谢默斯·希尼评判了叶芝的诗歌,在爱尔兰“诗歌传统”的谱系中给自己定了位。无论是否围绕互相交织的诗歌和诗学旋流,新型跨文化民族主义都超出这个国家本身,而后殖民、后民族及跨民族理论对其的演释都处理不当。从跨文化民族主义的视角出发,叶芝和希尼得以、而未来一代的诗人将会,执着于“现实视野”的诗歌传统,在艰难时世和对文明的讽刺中,迸发出他们的创作能量。Seamus Deane and Richard Kearney contend that Yeats’s nationalism reveals the negative and destructive side of mythification and mystification.Declan Kiberd,in his Inventing Ireland:The Literature of the Modern Ireland,points out that Yeats manifests in his early poetry the romantic and modernist nationalism in his search for the unique Irish forms and styles.It is my contention that what Yeats has long suggested is that Ireland should know herself and her history by self-questioning whether Ireland has maintained the history of cultural nationalism,deconstructing traditional Irish nationalism in his search for the alternative diverse and inclusive cross-cultural nationalism.Seamus Heaney reckons Yeats's poetry and positions himself in the genealogy of the Irish"poetic tradition.The new cross-cultural nationalism centering and decentering around the interlocking gyres of poetry and poetics goes beyond the nation which postcolonial,postnational,transnational renditions fail to grapple with.From this perspective,Yeats and Heaney could,and the poets of future generation will,be able to commit themselves to the poetic tradition of^vision of reality,erupting their creative energy in the midst of troubled times and the irony of civilization.

关 键 词：叶芝 希尼 现实幻景 跨文化民族主义 唯灵论 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]