农业女性化促进了农业机械服务外包吗?  

Does feminization of agriculture promote outsourcing of agricultural machinery services?

作　　者：许慧 童俊皓 陈光燕 庄天慧[2] XU Hui;TONG Junhao;CHEN Guangyan;ZHUANG Tianhui(College of Economics,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Southwest Poverty Reduction and Development Research Center,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;College of Management,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Rural Development Research Center, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学经济学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川农业大学西南减贫与发展研究中心,四川成都611130 [3]四川农业大学管理学院,四川成都611130 [4]四川省农村发展研究中心,四川成都611130

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2022年第1期173-183,共11页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AZD079)。

摘　　要：从农业机械服务外包现象入手,基于相关理论分析,使用中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)2016年数据,采用普通最小二乘(OLS)、两阶段最小二乘法(2SLS)、广义矩估计(GMM)等计量方法,分析农业女性化对农业机械服务外包的影响及其影响机制。结果表明:(1)农业女性化程度加深会明显促进农户选择农业机械服务外包。(2)当户主为小学学历、青年或中年,村庄处在西部或中部地区时,农业女性化对农户选择农业机械服务外包的影响更显著,且中年群体的激励效应大于青年,中部的激励效应大于西部。(3)农业女性化通过扩大农业劳动力约束和增加劳动力务农的机会成本来影响农户的农业机械服务外包选择。据此,提出加强对女性农业劳动力的技能资本投资,促进农机合作社发展,缓解农业劳动力约束,使机会成本转换为发展红利等对策建议。Based on the relevant theoretical analysis,the impact of feminization of agriculture on the outsourcing of agricultural machinery service,and its mechanism were analyzed by using China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)2016 data via ordinary least square(OLS),two stage least square(2SLS),generalized method of moments(GMM).It was shown that the deepening of feminization of agriculture would promote farmers to choose outsourcing of agricultural machinery service.When the household was youth or middle-aged,and the village was in the western or central region,with education level of primary school or below,feminization of agriculture had more significant impact on the outsourcing of agricultural machinery services.Feminization of agriculture affected farmers'choice on outsourcing of agricultural machinery services by expanding agricultural labor constraints and increasing the opportunity cost of agricultural labor.Thus,it was suggested to strengthen the investment in skills capital of female agricultural labor,promote the development of agricultural machinery cooperatives,to alleviate agricultural labor constraints,and convert opportunity costs into development dividends.

关 键 词：农业女性化 劳动力约束 机会成本 农业机械服务外包 农业发展 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F303.3