建筑工人不安全行为量化分类研究  

Study on the quantitative classification of construction workers’ unsafe behaviors

作　　者：叶贵[1] 李学征[1] 杨丽萍 向卿婷 曹华艳 YE Gui;LI Xue-zheng;YANG Li-ping;XIANG Qing-ting;CAO Hua-yan(School of Management Science and Real Estate,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学管理科学与房地产学院,重庆400045

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2021年第6期2617-2627,共11页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71972020);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS20036)。

摘　　要：建筑工人不安全行为是诱发事故的重要致因,抓住主要特征对其进行科学分类有助于避免因分类随意而模糊各类不安全行为诱发机制和行为规律的差异,是客观识别各类不安全行为的概念、致因和形成机理的基础。为此,运用Hayashi数量化理论和MATLAB对建筑工人不安全行为进行了量化分类。结果表明:不安全行为的频率和意向性是区分不安全行为的代表性行为特征;根据不安全行为在二维平面上的自然分布状态和特征,可将其分为技能偏差型、感知偏差型、习惯偏差型和程序偏差型4类,据此建立了分类框架,并分别提出了"转移风险""体验事故""降低频率""纠正短视需求"的纠偏策略;提出分类对不安全行为具有预测作用。The purpose of this study is to quantitatively classify construction workers’ unsafe behaviors(CWUB) based on their main characteristics.HAYASHI quantitative theory is adopted in this study.Firstly,a total of 367 CWUB were extracted from the 346 accident investigation reports from 2009 to 2019 released by the Ministry of Emergency Management of China,forming a database of CWUB.Secondly,by analyzing the definitions of CWUB in the relevant literature,six main characteristics of CWUB were extracted according to the evaluation principles of systemic,independence,difference,generality,scientific,significance,and practicality,namely,intentionality,cause,norm compliance,accident correlation,dangerousness and occurrence frequency.Then,the performance of each unsafe behavior in the six characteristic dimensions is judged and assigned,and a judgment matrix is established.Finally,MATLAB is used to calculate the judgment matrix and draw the plane distribution scatter diagram of CWUB.Results show that intentionality and occurrence frequency are the most important characteristics to distinguish CWUB.As a result,CWUB can be divided into four types including habit-deviation type,perception-deviation type,procedure-deviation type,and skill-deviation type.Habit-deviation type contains four high-frequency,intentional,and violative unsafe behaviors which are mainly caused by internal factors and have a strong correlation with accidents.Perception-deviation type consists of five high-frequency and non-intentional unsafe behaviors that are mostly caused by internal reasons and have a strong correlation with accidents.Procedure-deviation type includes ten low-frequency,intentionality,and violative unsafe behaviors that are mostly caused by internal reasons and have a relatively high risk.Skill-deviation type is made up of 22 low-frequency,non-intentional,and violative unsafe behaviors that have a strong correlation with accidents and have a high risk.The results show that each type of unsafe behavior has distinct characteristics and

关 键 词：安全管理工程 建筑安全 不安全行为 行为分类 数量化理论 

分 类 号：X947[环境科学与工程—安全科学]