芽胞杆菌FJAT-2349脂肽对枇杷采后炭疽病菌抑制作用  

Inhibitory Effect of Lipopeptide Secreted by Bacillus Strain FJAT-2349 Against Anthracnose Pathogen

作　　者：陈梅春[1] 邓英杰 陈燕萍[1] 肖荣凤[1] 郑雪芳[1] 朱育菁[1] 王阶平[1] 刘波[1] CHEN Meichun;DENG YingJie;CHEN Yanping;XIAO Rongfeng;ZHENG Xuefang;ZHU Yujing;WANG Jieping;LIU Bo(Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所,福建福州350003 [2]华中农业大学生命科学技术学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2021年第12期1478-1483,共6页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省科技计划公益类项目(2019R1034-6);国家自然科学基金项目(32001958)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究解淀粉芽胞杆菌FJAT-2349脂肽对枇杷采后炭疽病菌的抑制作用。【方法】通过平板抑菌试验和活体接种试验测定脂肽对枇杷采后炭疽病的抑制效果,通过电镜分析脂肽对枇杷炭疽病菌生长的抑制作用。【结果】芽胞杆菌菌株FJAT-2349能够有效抑制枇杷采后炭疽病菌的生长,抑制率达87.8%。该菌株产生的脂肽由iturin、fengycin和surfactin组成,其中fengycin为主要成分。该脂肽对枇杷炭疽病菌抑菌圈直径可达22 mm,且抑制效果呈剂量效应。电镜结果显示,解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌株FJAT-2349脂肽会导致菌丝肿胀变形、细胞壁变薄或消失、细胞内容物减少,从而影响枇杷炭疽病菌菌的正常生长。活体接种试验表明,该脂肽能够推迟枇杷炭疽病发病时间1 d,降低枇杷炭疽病的发病率,其中治愈性脂肽处理组和预防性脂肽处理组接种枇杷炭疽病菌第4天的相对防效分别为29.2%和72.7%,平均病斑直径为4.67~5.00 mm,低于清水对照组(6.89~7.25 mm),表明先用脂肽预防性处理枇杷,能更有效地降低枇杷采后炭疽病的发生率,减轻枇杷采后炭疽病的发病程度。【结论】解淀粉芽胞杆菌FJAT-2349脂肽能够有效地抑制枇杷采后炭疽病菌。【Objective】 Inhibitory effect of lipopeptides secreted by Bacillus FJAT-2349 on the pathogen of anthracnose was investigated. 【Method】 Agar plate diffusion and pin-prick inoculation were used to determine the inhibition effect of the lipopeptides on the pathogen. The fungal morphology was observed under a scanning and a transmission electron microscope.【 Result】 The lipopeptide-producing B. amyloliquefaciens FJAT-2349 could effectively inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum acutatum with an inhibition rate of 87.8%. The lipopeptides were composed of mainly fengycin, but also iturin and surfactin. The diameter of inhibition zone on the agar plate by the lipopeptide against C. acutatum was up to 22 mm. The effect was dose-dependent. Under the electron microscopes, the fungal hyphae appeared deformed and cell walls damaged by the lipopeptides. Inoculation of FJAT-2349 on harvested loquats could delay the onset of anthracnose by one day. The in vivo tests showed that on the 4 th day after inoculation the relative biocontrol efficacy on a curative-treatment group was 29.2% and72.7% on a preventive-treatment group;and the average lesion diameter on the treatment groups was 4.67-5.00 mm, as opposed to the larger 6.89-7.25 mm of control. 【Conclusion】 The lipopeptides secreted by B. amyloliquefaciens FJAT-2349 could effectively inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum acutatum.

关 键 词：芽胞杆菌脂肽 枇杷炭疽病菌 抑菌 发病率 

分 类 号：TS255[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]