论理解德育的意涵、价值与实施策略  

Understanding the Meaning,Value and Implementation Strategy of Moral Education

作　　者：张典兵[1] 牛骅 ZHANG Dian-bing;NIU Hua(School of Educational Science,Xuzhou Institute of Technology,Xuzhou 221018,Jiangsu,China;School of Marxism,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州工程学院教育科学学院,江苏徐州221018 [2]山东科技大学马克思主义学院,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《徐州工程学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第6期96-102,共7页Journal of Xuzhou Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：全国教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度国家一般课题“中国德育原理百年发展史研究”(BEA210109);江苏省高等教育学会“十四五”高等教育科学研究规划2021年度一般课题“新时代高校教师课程思政能力现状分析与提升策略研究”(YB184);江苏省现代教育技术研究2020年度课题“基于MOOCs的混合教学模式在‘信息技术与学科课程整合’中的应用”(2019-R-83881)。

摘　　要：作为一种以意义探寻与生成、价值阐释与认同为旨归的教育活动,德育如果缺失师生之间以及教师引领下学生的理解与反思,学生的生命存在和价值就会被漠视,无法成为真正“有道德的幸福人”。理解德育基于哲学阐释学的“理解理论”,扎根学生丰富多彩的生活世界,创设有利于学生自我理解与相互理解的境域,激发学生积极的道德情感,涵养学生丰富的道德智慧,形成学生鲜明的主体性道德人格。理解德育具有交互性、生活性、愉悦性、情境性等基本特征,能够促发学生与德育的意义关联,提供接受德育影响的最佳契机,促进教师德育素养和能力提升。理解德育的实践策略必须突破传统“知性”和“强制性灌输”德育的束缚,转向开放、多维、交互、非线性的“复杂”思维方式,重视激发学生道德理解兴趣,唤醒学生道德理解自觉;增强学生道德反思意识,提升学生道德反思能力;构建和谐融洽师生关系,促进师生深层道德交往;营造道德理解生活场域,发挥环境“无言之教”价值;加强学生同伴道德交往,获得积极道德理解体验。Being an educational activity with the purpose of exploring and generating meaning as well as interpretation and identification of value,if moral education lacks the understanding,reflection and guidance between teachers and students,the existence and value of students'lives will be ignored and unable to become a truly"morally happy man".Understanding moral education is based on the"understanding theory"of philosophical hermeneutics.It takes root in students'colorful life world,creates a realm that is conducive to their self-understanding and mutual understanding,stimulates their positive moral emotions,cultivates their rich moral wisdom,and forms their distinctive subjective moral personality.Understanding that moral education has basic characteristics such as interaction,life,pleasure,and contextuality can promote the meaningful connection between students and moral education,provide the best opportunity for them to accept the moral education,and at the same time,promote teachers'moral education literacy and ability.The practical strategy to understand moral education must break through the shackles of traditional"intellectual"and"compulsory indoctrination",turning to an open,multidimensional,interactive,and non-linear"complex"way of thinking,paying attention to stimulating students'interests and consciousness of moral understanding,enhancing their awareness of moral reflection,building a harmonious relationship between teachers and students with moral communication,creating a moral understanding of the life,giving full play to the value of"unspoken teaching",and strengthening moral communication with peers to gain positive moral understanding experience.

关 键 词：理解 理解德育 道德理解 道德反思 道德交往 道德体验 

分 类 号：G641[文化科学—高等教育学]