玉米雌穗性状遗传分析与形成机制  

Progress on Dissecting Genetic Architecture and Formation Mechanism of Maize Ear Traits

作　　者：殷芳冰 王成[1,2] 龙艳 董振营 万向元 YIN Fang-bing;WANG Cheng;LONG Yan;DONG Zhen-ying;WAN Xiang-yuan(Research Center of Biology and Agriculture,Shunde Graduate School,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences,Beijing 100192,China;Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding,Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学生物与农业研究中心,化学与生物工程学院,顺德研究生院,北京100083 [2]北京中智生物农业国际研究院,北京100192 [3]北京首佳利华科技有限公司,主要作物生物育种北京市工程实验室,生物育种北京市国际科技合作基地,北京100192

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2021年第12期30-46,共17页China Biotechnology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(06500060);国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才特殊支持经费(201608)资助项目。

摘　　要：雌穗是玉米重要的生殖器官,雌穗发育决定成熟果穗大小及单穗粒重,进而直接影响玉米产量。雌穗性状主要包括穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗重、单穗粒重等,均为多基因控制的数量遗传性状,且其遗传结构各不相同。解析雌穗性状的遗传基础,优化雌穗结构,是玉米增产的重要途径。前人通过数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus mapping,QTL)定位和全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)等方法,已经鉴定出较多雌穗性状相关的遗传位点,但是目前已鉴定功能的基因较少,所建立的遗传位点一致性图谱并不完整,因此难以全面揭示雌穗性状遗传结构。通过综合前人雌穗性状遗传定位进展,现将已鉴定QTL位点和显著关联SNP整合至玉米B73参考基因组V4版本,并鉴定出雌穗性状定位热点区间,对深入解析雌穗性状遗传结构、指导雌穗性状基因克隆和理解雌穗发育分子机制均具有重要意义。Ear is an important reproductive organ of maize. The development of ear determines the size of mature ear and the weight of single ear, and then directly affects the yield of maize. Ear traits include ear length, ear diameter, kernel row number, kernel number per row, ear weight, and kernel weight per ear, which are quantitative genetic traits controlled by multiple genes, and their genetic structures are different. It is effective to increase maize yield by analyzing the genetic basis of the traits of ear and optimizing the structure of ear. Through quantitative trait locus(QTL) mapping, genome-wide association study(GWAS) and other approaches, many loci related to ear traits have been identified, but at present, there are few ear-trait-related genes were cloned, and the consistent map of the identified genetic loci is not complete, so it is difficult to reveal the genetic structure of ear traits comprehensively. Based on the previous progress in genetic mapping of ear traits, the identified QTLs and significantly associated SNPs were integrated into the V4 version of maize B73 reference genome, and the genetic hotspots for ear traits were identified. The work is valuable for further analysis of the genetic structure of ear traits, cloning ear-trait-related genes and dissecting the molecular mechanism of ear development.

关 键 词：雌穗性状 QTL定位 全基因组关联分析 遗传结构 基因 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]