玉米雄穗性状遗传结构与形成分子机制  

Research Advances on Genetic Structure and Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Formation of Tassel Traits in Maize

作　　者：王彦博 魏佳 龙艳 董振营 万向元 WANG Yan-bo;WEI Jia;LONG Yan;DONG Zhen-ying;WAN Xiang-yuan(Research Center of Biology and Agriculture,Shunde Graduate School,School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences,Beijing 100192,China;Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding,Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学生物与农业研究中心,化学与生物工程学院顺德研究生院,北京100083 [2]北京中智生物农业国际研究院,北京100192 [3]北京首佳利华科技有限公司,主要作物生物育种北京市工程实验室,生物育种北京市国际科技合作基地,北京100192

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2021年第12期88-102,共15页China Biotechnology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(06500060);国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才特殊支持经费(201608)资助项目。

摘　　要：玉米为雌雄同株异花植物,其雄穗着生于植株顶部,雌穗腋生。雄穗一方面需产生足量花粉以保证雌穗授粉结实,另一方面由于对下部叶片的遮蔽作用和自身营养需求,其生长发育会同时影响叶片光合作用效率和能量分配,因此优化雄穗结构是提高玉米产量的重要措施之一。玉米雄穗性状包括雄穗分枝数、雄穗分枝长度、雄穗主轴长度、雄穗分枝总长度、雄穗分枝角度等,均为多基因控制的数量性状。自20世纪90年代,研究者开始利用数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)定位方法解析玉米雄穗性状遗传结构;随着玉米自交系B73等参考基因组释放,以及DNA微阵列、基因组重测序等高通量基因分型技术的日益成熟,全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)成为数量性状遗传研究的主流方法,目前已鉴定出大量玉米雄穗性状遗传位点。通过总结雄穗性状遗传定位研究结果,构建一致性图谱并挖掘定位热点区间,有助于进一步了解雄穗性状遗传结构特征及指导雄穗性状候选基因克隆。此外,通过对调控雄穗发育的已知基因进行功能分类,可为解析玉米雄穗发育的遗传网络和调控通路提供理论支撑。Maize is a monoecious plant with top terminal tassels and lateral ears. The tassels need to produce sufficient pollens to fertilize ears;however, due to the shading effect on the lower leaves and their own nutritional requirements, the growth and development of tassels have a negative effect on yield through affecting leaf photosynthesis and energy distribution of the whole plant. Optimizing the tassel architecture is thus urgent for maize yield improvement. Maize tassel traits include the number of tassel branches, the length of tassel branches, the length of the principal axis of the tassel, the total length of tassel branches, and the angle of tassel branching, which are all complex quantitative traits controlled by different genetic basis. Since the 1990 s, researchers have begun to analyze the genetic structure of maize tassel traits by quantitative trait locus(QTL) mapping. With the release of the reference genome of the maize inbred line B73, and the improvement of high-throughput genotyping technologies such as DNA microarrays and genome resequencing, genome-wide association study(GWAS) has been widely applied in recent years, and a large number of loci associated with the maize tassel traits have been identified. Here, the genetic loci of maize tassel traits identified from different research periods were retrieved, and a consistent physical map was built. Furthermore, the genetic mapping hotspots were isolated which will be useful for the further understanding of the genetic structure of maize tassel traits and the guidance of the cloning of tassel-trait-related genes. At the same time, the cloned genes controlling tassel traits and the corresponding functional mechanism were summarized which will be helpful for further deciphering the genetic network and regulatory pathways of tassel development in maize.

关 键 词：雄穗 遗传结构 数量性状位点 QTL定位 全基因组关联分析 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]