企业家资本对新创企业绩效的影响——基于模糊集定性比较分析与必要条件分析方法  

Research on the Influence of Entrepreneurial Capitals on the New Venture Performance--Based on Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis and Necessary Condition Analysis Methods

作　　者：张铭[1] 田慧敏 曾娜 ZHANG Ming;TIAN Hui-min;ZENG Na(School of Economics and Management,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学经济与管理学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2022年第2期107-119,共13页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“绿色发展视角下新创企业社会责任的结构、多层次成因及作用效果研究”(19BGL131);国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国情境下创业企业家心理资本的影响因素及开发对策研究”(16BGL108)。

摘　　要：企业家资本是影响新创企业绩效的重要因素。为探究企业家资本不同形式及其协同作用与高水平新创企业绩效之间的关系,以115家新创企业为样本,采用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)与必要条件分析(NCA)相结合的方法分析企业家资本不同形式及其组态对新创企业绩效的影响。研究表明,影响新创企业绩效的企业家资本条件具有“多重并发”“殊途同归”的特点,单一形式的企业家资本不能构成高水平新创企业绩效的必要条件或充分条件;存在两种引致高水平新创企业绩效的企业家资本组态,分别是企业家经济资本协同型组态、企业家心理资本协同型组态,且企业家经济资本与企业家心理资本之间存在一定的替代关系;存在两种引致非高水平新创企业绩效的企业家资本组态,一种是企业家人力资本、社会资本、心理资本均缺乏的组态,另一种是企业家经济资本水平高,但人力资本、心理资本匮乏的组态;企业家资本组态与新创企业绩效具有因果非对称性,引致高水平新创企业绩效条件组态的反面并非引致非高水平新创企业绩效的充分条件组态。为实现高水平新创企业绩效,企业家应根据自身资本状况,有针对性地积累不同形式的资本,而非仅重视某一种形式资本的积累;充分重视企业家人力资本、心理资本等内在资本,根据自身情况选择合适的发展路径;多学习借鉴创业企业成功经验,探寻高水平新创企业绩效之源,而非仅重视对失败经验的总结。Entrepreneurial capital is one of the important factors affecting the new venture performance.In order to explore the relationship between different forms of entrepreneurial capital and their synergies and high level performance of new ventures,the authors take 115 new ventures as the samples to analyze the impact of different forms and configurations of entrepreneurial capital on the new venture performance by using the method of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)and necessary condition analysis(NCA).The results show that,first,the entrepreneurial capital conditions that affect the new venture performance are characterized by"multiple concurrent"and"all paths lead to the same destination";and a single form of entrepreneurial capital cannot be a necessary or sufficient condition for a high level new venture performance.Second,there are two entrepreneurial capital configurations that can achieve high level new venture performance,namely,the synergistic type of entrepreneurial economic capital and the synergistic type of entrepreneurial psychological capital;and there is a certain substitution relationship between the entrepreneurial economic capital and entrepreneurial psychological capital.Third,there are two antecedent configurations that generate non-high new venture performance:the first one lacks all the entrepreneurial human capital,social capital and psychological capital;and the other one is with high level of entrepreneurial economic capital,but lacks both human capital and psychological capital.And fourth,there is causal asymmetry between entrepreneurial capital configuration and new venture performance;the reverse of the conditional configurations leading to high level new venture performance is not the sufficient conditional configuration leading to low level new venture performance.In order to achieve a high level new venture performance,entrepreneurs should,first,accumulate different forms of capital according to their existing capital situation,rather than focus on the accumulation of

关 键 词：企业家资本 新创企业绩效 组态效应 模糊集定性比较分析 必要条件分析 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]