蜜蜂王台产卵育王器设计及育王试验  

A New Queen-cell Egg Laying Device for Honeybee Queen Rearing and Queen Breeding Test

作　　者：黎长龙 袁芳 江武军 刘一博 郑云林[1] 刘光楠 何旭江[1,2] LI Changlong;YUAN Fang;JIANG Wujun;LIU Yibo;ZHENG Yunlin;LIU Guangnan;HE Xujiang(Honeybee Research Institute,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Bee Keeping,Nanchang 330045,China;Honeybee Research Institute of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330052,China;Agricultural Rural Bureau of Shicheng County,Shicheng,Jiangxi 342700,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省蜜蜂生物学与饲养重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]江西省养蜂研究所,江西南昌330052 [4]江西省石城县农业农村局,江西石城342700

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2022年第1期159-165,共7页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31702193);江西省重点研发计划项目(20181BBF60019,20203BBFL63055);江西省主要学科和技术带头人项目(20204BCJL23041)。

摘　　要：【目的】蜜蜂是农作物最重要的授粉昆虫,也为人类提供营养丰富的蜂产品。近年来,世界各国均面临诸多压力而导致大量死亡。蜂王质量不断下降的现象,是引起蜜蜂大量死亡的重要因素之一,因此提高蜂王质量对养蜂业十分重要。【方法】根据蜜蜂生物学原理,设计发明了蜜蜂王台产卵培育优质蜂王的技术及设备。该育王设备包括王台产卵器、隔王栅、产卵巢框、便携式王台、育王框、挡板和旋转式育王条。通过控制蜂王在王台中直接产卵,培育优质蜂王,检测蜂王初生质量和形态指标。以传统人工移虫育王方法培育蜂王,作为对照组。【结果】王台产卵育王技术的王台接受率随着幼虫日龄的增长而下降,少量蜂王能正常出房,其王台接受率显著低于传统移虫育王;然而,蜜蜂王台产卵育王所培育的蜂王初生质量,后翅长和胸长均显著高于传统人工移虫所培育的蜂王。【结论】利用蜜蜂王台产卵育王技术培育蜂王可显著提高蜂王质量,为今后蜜蜂优质育种提供科学借鉴。[Objective]Honeybees(Apis mellifera)are the most important pollinating insects for crops,and they also provide nutritious bee products.Recently,honeybees have been facing a high mortality rate globally due to various reasons.Among them,the decline of queen quality is an important factor.Therefore,improving the quality of honeybee queens is crucial for apiculture.[Method]This study developed a new queen-cell egg laying device for rearing high-quality honeybee queen Queen based on the biological mechanisms of honeybees.It included queen-cell ovipositor,queen excluder,ovipositor frame,queen cells,queen rearing frame,baffle and rotating queen rearing bars.This device caged the mother queen to lay eggs directly in the queen cells and rear high-quality queens.The birth weight and morphological indicators of newly emerged queens were measured and compared with those queens reared by traditional rearing practice.[Result]The results showed that the accepted rate of queen cells from the new device group decreased with the increase of the larval age.A small number of queens could successfully emerge.Its queen-cell accepted rate was significantly lower than that of the control group.However,the birth weight,hind wing length and thorax length of the queens from the new device were significantly higher than that of the control group.[Conclusion]This new device significantly increased the quality of honeybee queens,which could provide a scientific reference for high-quality honeybee breeding in the future.

关 键 词：蜜蜂 王台产卵育王器 幼虫接受率 蜂王质量 初生质量 形态指标 

分 类 号：S892.5[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养] S894.5[农业科学—畜牧兽医]