不同草地利用方式对河北坝上天然草地植物群落特征的影响  

Effects of Different Grassland Using Modes on Plant Community Characteristics on Bashang Natural Grassland,Hebei Province

作　　者：郭丽珠 吕进英 王堃[2,3] 范希峰[1] 黄顶[2,3] 武菊英[1] GUO Li-zhu;LYU Jin-ying;WANG Kun;FAN Xi-feng;Huang Ding;WU Ju-ying(Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing 100097, China;Guyuan National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Guyuan, Hebei Province 076650, China;College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China)

机构地区：[1]北京草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100097 [2]河北沽源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,河北沽源076550 [3]中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《草地学报》2022年第1期245-252,共8页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFF03032043);气候智慧型草地生态系统管理项目-草地生产力及生物多样性监测与评价(CSMG-C-03)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以坝上天然草地植物群落为研究对象,分析了不同草地利用方式(打草场、冬牧地、公牧地)对植物群落的数量特征、物种组成、功能群特征及物种多样性的影响。结果表明:冬牧地的群落高度、物种数及物种多样性指数均最大,打草场的群落盖度显著大于放牧地(冬牧地和公牧地)且其地上生物量与冬牧地没有显著差异,同时打草场物种多样性指数与冬牧地相近,而公牧地植被群落的大多数指标均最差。此外,放牧和刈割也显著影响群落物种及功能群组成,其中禾本科累积优势度、多年生禾草的累积优势度及组成百分比在放牧地都显著高于打草场,而多年生杂草在打草场中显著高于放牧地。综上,打草场利用方式对坝上天然草地植物群落特征的影响虽然次于冬牧地,但由于家畜的选择性采食,冬牧地浪费了草地的生产潜力,因此打草场利用方式有助于坝上天然草地的可持续利用。In this study,the plant community in Bashang natural grassland(Hebei,China)was taken as the research objective to understand the effects of different grassland using modes(mowing meadow plot,winter pasture plot and public pasture plot)on the quantitative characteristics,species composition,functional groups and species diversity of plant community.The results showed that:the community height,number of species,and species diversity index in winter pasture were the highest;the community coverage of mowing meadow was significantly higher than that of grazing pasture(winter pasture and public pasture),and there was no significant difference in aboveground biomass between mowing meadow and winter pasture,and the difference in species diversity index between winter pasture and winter pasture was very small;and the most of the indices of plant community were the lowest in public pasture.In addition,grazing and mowing had significant impacts on community species composition and the composition of plant functional groups,and the cumulative dominance of Gramineae,the cumulative dominance and composition percentage of perennial grasses in grazing pasture were significantly higher than those in mowing meadow,whereas the cumulative dominance of perennial forbs were significantly higher in mowing meadow.In conclusion,the effect of mowing meadow on the plant community characteristics of Bashang grassland was inferior to those of winter pasture.However,the selective feeding of livestock in winter pasture wastes the production potential of grassland,therefore,the use of mowing meadow contributed to improving the sustainable utilization of natural grassland in Bashang.

关 键 词：草地利用方式 群落数量特征 植物功能群 物种多样性 坝上地区 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]