现代逻辑视域下的先秦逻辑分析  

Using Contemporary Logic to Analyze PreQin Logic

作　　者：蒂埃里·陆卡士 Thierry Lucas(UniversitéCatholique de Louvain)

机构地区：[1]新鲁汶大学

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2021年第6期92-126,共35页Studies in Logic

摘　　要：文章论述了如何以现代逻辑的概念或方法,以及论证理论的要素来更好地理解中国古代伟大思想家的逻辑贡献。第一、二节提出拓展逻辑的通常理解,使之包括一些论证理论的要素,以期构建一个“西方逻辑”与“中国逻辑”均能满足的开放空间,并用先秦逻辑一些重要思想的详细分析作出说明例证。三到五节从传统意义上的逻辑作分析:后期墨家及其逻辑基本规律、关于定义的理论和应用、名的分类、量词互相定义和侔式推理的现代解释。第六节分析了句子的排比句现象,揭示表明其隐藏的论证理论的一些形式化要素,如泛化关联论证,它包含一些未言明但完全有效的论证。第七节详细分析了《孟子》的类比推理,并提出评价论证强度的形式化方法。The aim of this article is to sketch how some notions arising from notions or techniques mainly due to contemporary logic and some elements of the theory of argumentation may allow us to reach a better understanding of the logical contributions of the great thinkers of China’s past.It is proposed to extend the usual notion of logic to include some elements of the theory of argumentation,hoping thus to create an open space where“Western logic”and“Chinese logic”may meet(sections 1 and 2).This is exemplified by a detailed study of some important preQin contributions to logic.Sections 3 to 5 analyze some logical contributions in the traditional sense of“logic”:later Mohists and the basic laws of logic;definitions in theory and in practice;classification of names,interdefinability of quantifiers and contemporary explanations of the mou(侔)type of reasoning in the Mohist texts.Section 6 analyzes the phenomenon of sentence parallelism to show that it hides some partially formalizable elements of the theory of argumentation such as arguments by generalization,and that it contains some implicit but perfectly valid arguments.Section 7 presents a detailed analysis of examples of reasoning by analogy in the Mencius and suggests some formal ways of evaluating their strength.

关 键 词：排比句 论证理论 现代逻辑 形式化方法 三到 后期墨家 西方逻辑 开放空间 

分 类 号：B81-092[哲学宗教—逻辑学] K22[历史地理—历史学]