科研不端认定的依据与争议  

Identification and Controversy of Research Misconduct

作　　者：和鸿鹏 齐昆鹏 王聪 HE Hongpeng;QI Kunpeng;WANG Cong(Institute for Advanced Studies of Humanities and Social Science,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China;Center for Science Communication and Achievement Transformation,National Natural Science Foundation of China,Beijing 100085,China;School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学人文与社会科学高等研究院,北京100083 [2]国家自然科学基金委员会科学传播与成果转化中心,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期77-83,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences edition Edition

基　　金：湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(18B255)。

摘　　要：针对科研不端认定依据不明确的问题,在已有研究和政策的基础上,将科研不端认定的依据总结为科学规范、主观动机和危害后果三个方面,讨论了其具体内涵,即独有规范与普遍规范,诚实的错误、疏忽与故意,对知识体系、奖励系统与社会危害。在此基础上分析认为,科学规范问题、动机黑箱特征和危害判断标准模糊是导致科研不端认定争议的主要原因,提出科研不端的认定流程,并结合不可重复现象,做出具体阐释。指出,科研不端认定应由小同行主导,确保客观性;程序透明,实现公正性;有本土标准,体现适宜性。To solve the problem of the unclear basis for identification of research misconduct,three aspects of the basis are summarized as scientific norms,subjective motives and harmful consequences.The specific connotations of the three aspects are discussed,i.e.,unique norms and universal norms;honest mistakes,negligence and deliberateness;harm to the knowledge system,reward system and society.Based on this,it is believed that scientific norms,black box characteristics of motivation,and vague judgment standards for harm are the main reasons for the controversy of the identification of research misconduct.The process of the identification of research misconduct is proposed with a specific explanation of the non-repeatable phenomenon.The identification of research misconduct should be led by small peers to ensure objectivity and be transparent to achieve fairness;local standards should be set to show suitability.

关 键 词：科研不端 科学规范 可重复性 科研诚信 主观动机 危害后果 

分 类 号：G3[文化科学] B82-067[哲学宗教—伦理学]