叠辞  

Ploke

作　　者：兰迪·艾伦·哈里斯 陶友兰(译)[2] 李逸竹(译) Randy Allen Harris;Tao Youlan;Li Yizhu(University of Wasterloo;不详)

机构地区：[1]加拿大滑铁卢大学英语语言文学系,加拿大安大略省 [2]复旦大学外国语言文学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《当代修辞学》2022年第1期11-31,共21页Contemporary Rhetoric

基　　金：加拿大社会科学和人文研究理事会资助。

摘　　要：叠辞(ploke)是一种程式格(scheme),指词的完全重复,是语言和思维的根基。如果这听起来像是隐喻,那是因为叠辞之于程式格相当于隐喻之于转义格(trope)。与隐喻类似,叠辞是神经认知模式偏好(即"重复",与隐喻的"相似"相对)的语言反应。与隐喻类似,叠辞并不是单一的修辞手法,而是包含多种要素,例如,首语重复(epanaphora)、尾语重复(epiphora)和紧接反复(epizeuxis),与隐喻的拟人化(anthropomorphism)、人格化(personification)和物化(reification)相对。与隐喻类似,也存在"死"叠辞和"活"叠辞,例如,在这篇论文的摘要中,有许多重复出现的叠辞和隐喻可能并不会引起你的注意,并不会被归为修辞手法的范畴,就像leg of a table和head of lettuce等"死"隐喻那样。与隐喻类似,产生叠辞的过程也常常利用语言的象似性(数量原则和同一性原则),在构词、语言的习得与消解、构式与习语的形成、思维和话语模式的构成方面极具能产性。我给出以上类比是为了支撑一个上位类比,即叠辞:程式格::隐喻:转义格,并为叠辞辩护:这一修辞手法常常被忽视,但它应该具有中心地位。Ploke,the scheme of perfect lexical repetition,is utterly fundamental to language and thought.If that sounds like someone talking about metaphor,it is because ploke is to schemes as metaphor is to tropes.Like metaphor,ploke is the linguistic reflex of a neurocognitive pattern bias(repetition to metaphor’s similitude).Like metaphor,ploke is not a single figure but many(epanaphora,epiphora and epizeuxis,for instance,to metaphor’s personification,anthropomorphism,and reification).Like metaphor,there are"dead"ploke as well as live ploke(for instance,the number of repeated instances of ploke and metaphor in this abstract that likely escaped your figurative notice,just as leg of a table and head of lettuce regularly escape our figurative notice).Like metaphor,the processes that give rise to ploke,are also highly productive—in word formation,in the acquisition and dissolution of language,in construction and idiom formation,in large patterns of thought and discourse,often leveraging iconicities(the principle of quantity and the principle of identity).I offer each of these analogies to support the superordinate analogy,Ploke:Scheme::Metaphor:Trope,and argue for the centrality of this neglected figure.

关 键 词：叠辞 隐喻 程式格 转义格 

分 类 号：H05[语言文字—语言学]