基于MADYMO的大客车追尾碰撞事故乘员损伤机理  

Injury mechanism of occupants in bus during rear-end crash based on MADYMO

作　　者：张文会[1] 伊静 刘委 于秋影 王连震[1] ZHANG Wen-hui;YI Jing;LIU Wei;YU Qiu-ying;WANG Lian-zhen(School of Traffic and Transportation,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学交通学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2022年第1期118-126,共9页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(717010412);中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(2572021DT09);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2019E007).

摘　　要：为使乘员在大客车追尾事故发生时可以根据不同位置进行有针对性的保护,利用有限元和多刚体动力学软件,构建了大客车模型、12个假人模型和安全带模型,并分配假人模型于大客车的不同位置。加载重力加速度、碰撞波形和相对碰撞速度等参数到仿真模型中,最终得到不同相对碰撞速度下假人的头部、胸部、腿部损伤指标值。研究结果表明,相对碰撞速度越大,乘员的头部、胸部、腿部损伤指标值越大,相对碰撞速度大于60 km/h,部分乘员的头部和胸部会受到4级或4级以上程度的严重损伤;车体前部和后部座椅上乘员的加权损伤值(W IC)较中部座椅上乘员的加权损伤值更大;靠近挡风玻璃侧乘员的W IC比同排座椅靠近过道侧乘员的W IC更大。In order to enable the occupants to carry out targeted protection according to different locations when the bus rear end collision accident occurs,the bus model,12 dummy models and seat belt models were constructed by using the finite element analysis and rigid multi-body dynamics software.The dummy models were assigned to different seats of the bus.The gravity acceleration,impact waveform and relative impact velocity were loaded into the simulation model.The injury indexes of the dummy head,chest and leg under different relative impact velocities were finally obtained.The results show that the larger the relative impact speed is,the greater the injury index values of head,chest and leg are.When the relative collision speed is greater than 60 km/h,some occupants'head and chest in the bus will suffer serious injury of grade 4 or above.The weighted injury criteria values(W ICs)of the occupants on the front and rear seats are larger than that of the occupants on the middle seat.The W IC of the occupants near the windshield side is larger than that of the occupants near the aisle side of the same row of seats.

关 键 词：交通工程 大客车 追尾事故 乘员损伤 仿真分析 

分 类 号：U491.31[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]