唐宋时期事态助词“来”“了_(2)”“了也”对比研究  

A Comparative Study of Three Sentence-Final Particles“LAI(来)”“LE_(2)(了_(2))”“LE YE(了也)”in the Tang and Song Dynasties

作　　者：张赪[1] 林娣 Zhang Cheng;Lin Di(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院中文系,北京100084

出　　处：《长江学术》2022年第1期101-112,共12页Yangtze River Academic

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于大型语料库的汉语非组构性历时演变与语言演变规律研究”(18ZDA292)。

摘　　要：从时体特征、言者态度表达、分布语体几个方面考察唐宋三部语料中事态助词"来、了_(2)、了也"功能的共时差异和历时变化,其主要差异在言者态度表达和话语功能方面。由唐入宋,有两个显著变化:"了也"显著衰落,被"了_(2)"取代,从一个方面证明了现代汉语事态助词"了_(2)"由晚唐五代的事态助词"了_(2)"与语气词"也"融合而来;"来"表达言者态度的功能增强,这一变化在宋代的不同语料中表现出很大差异,还属于语用层面的变化,但到明清时期则成为"来"的突出功能,普遍见于各语料中,反映出由语用到语法的演变。The paper investigates the functions of three sentence-final particles"LAI(来)""LE2(了_(2))""LE YE(了也)"in three documents of the Tang and Song Dynasties,describes their functions in terms of aspect,discourse and register features,and discusses the synchronic functional differences among the three particles and diachronic changes between the two dynasties.The study finds that the main differences of the three particles are fixed on discourse and register features,while not showing much distinction from the perspective of aspect.There are two main changes:"LE YE(了也)"was substituted by"LE2(了_(2))",supporting the view that sentence-final particle"LE2(了_(2))"was evolved from"LE YE(了也)";and"LAI(来)"became more prominent functionally in expressing speaker’s attitude.The latter can only be seen in certain register of documents in Song Dynasty,while in Ming Dynasty,it was widely adopted,showing how a pragmatic feature became a grammatical one.

关 键 词：事态助词 共时差异 历时演变 话语功能 语体特征 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语] K242[历史地理—历史学] K244[历史地理—中国史]