表面增强拉曼散射检测分析物分子的研究进展  

Research Progress of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection Analyte Molecules

作　　者：王子雄 徐大鹏[1] 张一帆 李佳佳 WANG Zi-xiong;XU Da-peng;ZHANG Yi-fan;LI Jia-jia(School of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Technological University,Xi’an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工业大学材料与化工学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2022年第2期341-349,共9页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11504284)资助。

摘　　要：表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术具有高效,灵敏,无损检测等特点,能实现对分析物分子的极低浓度检测,被广泛应用于痕量分析领域。在生产和生活中,有些毒性物质或非法添加剂被人体摄入或长期接触后,在体内不断累积,最终导致中毒或者组织器官发生病变;环境中过量的有害物质残留,由于其本身的毒性或者使菌株和害虫产生抗药性而造成的生态系统破坏,会严重影响人们的正常生活;有些生物分子伴随疾病产生,可作为疾病的标志物,能给予人体健康诊断信息;有些抗癌药物由于本身具有毒性,使用时需要严格控制用量。因此,利用SERS技术对各领域分析物分子的微量检测意义重大。对SERS技术的发展、SERS增强机理和检测分析物分子的意义做了简单介绍,以化学分析、环境监测、生物医学和食品安全等领域部分分析物分子为切入点,重点介绍了SERS基底的制备工艺和检测分析物分子的检出限,并对拉曼增强机理进行阐述。检测低浓度的分析物分子,主要依靠SERS基底与分析物分子之间的有效吸附,通过基底产生的局域电磁场或者基底与分析物分子形成新的化学状态,使分析物分子拉曼信号增强。同时指出在对分析物分子定性定量分析方面面临的诸多挑战:(1)SERS基底大多以金银为原材料,成本高且不稳定,对分析物分子检测能力随时间延长而降低;(2)分析物分子在基底表面分布不均,导致点对点之间差异大,分析物分子浓度无法通过拉曼特征峰强度来准确获得且拉曼信号易受荧光和背景噪声干扰;(3)微量毒性分析物分子无法被检测出来,通过食物链或生态系统持续在人体累积,最终对人体造成不可逆的损伤。总结了不同领域常见的分析物分子,为利用SERS技术检测各领域分析物分子提供了分析和比较的基础,并为不同SERS基底的拉曼增强效果提供参考,对于推动SERS技术检测不�Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)technology has the characteristics of high efficiency,sensitive and non-destructive detection,etc.,which can realize shallow concentration detection of analyte molecules and is widely used in the field of trace analysis.In production and life,some toxic substances or illegal additives are continuously accumulated in the body after being ingested or long-term exposure to the human body,eventually leading to poisoning or tissue and organ disease;excessive residues of harmful substances in the environment due to their toxicity or the damage to the ecosystem caused by the resistance of strains and pests,will seriously affect people’s everyday life;some biomolecules are produced with diseases,which can be used as markers of diseases and can give body health diagnosis information;Some anti-cancer drugs are inherently toxic,so the dosage needs to be strictly controlled when used.Therefore,it is of great significance to use SERS technology for trace detection of analyte molecules in various fields.A brief introduction to the development of SERS technology,the mechanism of SERS enhancement,and the significance of detecting analyte molecules.Taking some analyte molecules in chemical analysis,environmental monitoring,Bio-medicine and food safety as the breakthrough point,used mainly introduced the preparation process of SERS substrate and the detection limit of detecting analyte molecules on the substrate elaborate the Raman enhancement mechanism.Detection of low concentration of analyte molecules mainly relies on the effective adsorption between SERS base and analyte molecules,through the local electromagnetic field generated by the base or the new chemical state formed between the base and analyte molecules,to enhance the Raman signal of analyte molecules.At the same time,it is pointed out that there are many challenges in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of analyte molecules:(1)SERS substrates mostly use gold,silver and copper as raw materials,which are costly and unstabl

关 键 词：表面增强拉曼散射 化学分析 环境监测 生物医学 食品安全 

分 类 号：O657.37[理学—分析化学]