保花保果药剂喷施模式对骏枣光合特性、产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Spraying Modes of Flower and Fruit Preservation Agent on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Jun jujube

作　　者：岳婉婉 靳娟 阿布都卡尤木·阿依麦提 郝庆[2] 刘平[3] 曾斌[1] 赵婧彤 YUE Wanwan;JIN Juan;ABUDUKAYOUMU·Ayimaiti;HAO Qing;LIU Ping;ZENG Bin;ZHAO Jingtong(College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Chinese Jujube Research Center,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]河北农业大学中国枣研究中心,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2021年第12期134-141,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000705);中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新[2020]TG17);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生创新项目(XJ2020G168);新疆维吾尔自治区林业科技专项(XJLYKJ-2020-07)。

摘　　要：以骏枣为材料,采用无人机和农机车,将赤霉酸、硼肥、芸苔素内酯、坐果灵等复混型药剂在骏枣花期复配进行叶面喷施,共设置W1、W2、W3、T、CK 5个处理,其中,W为无人机喷施模式,W1为100%用药量(175.0 mg/L赤霉酸+90 mg/L硼肥+70 mg/L芸苔素内酯+200 mg/L坐果灵),W2、W3在此基础上分别减量至70%、50%;T为农机车喷施模式,用药量为15.0 mg/L赤霉酸+12 mg/L硼肥+6 mg/L芸苔素内酯+30 mg/L坐果灵;以人工喷施清水作对照(CK)。研究不同喷施模式下枣树保花保果药剂对骏枣叶片光合特性、产量及果实品质的影响,为南疆枣树在保花保果环节以无人机喷施替代传统农机车喷施模式提供科学依据。结果表明,从整体上看,W3处理骏枣叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)较高,T处理骏枣叶片光合特性均较低,W1处理水分利用率(WUE)高于其他处理。W1、W2、W3、T处理坐果率较CK分别显著提高97.6%、87.2%、130.4%、158.3%,枣果产量较CK分别显著提高93.6%、78.6%、108.9%、121.4%,其中W3与T处理坐果率和枣果产量均无显著差异。果实品质方面,W1处理枣果单果质量、纵径、横径较高,分别较CK增加49.2%、7.6%、17.5%,但果形指数降低,T处理果形指数最高(1.58)。与CK相比,W2处理显著提高了枣果可溶性蛋白、纤维素含量,W3处理显著增加了枣果纤维素含量。综上,尽管农机车喷施模式产量略高于无人机喷施模式,但无人机喷施模式更安全、高效,且无人机喷施模式适宜浓度处理(W3)能有效增强枣树的光合作用,提高枣果产量,因此,在新疆矮化密植枣园高效栽培管理中可优先推荐无人机喷施。With Jun jujube as the material,under the modes of UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)and agricultural machinery vehicle,the compound chemicals including gibberellic acid,boron fertilizer,brassinolide and Zuoguoling were used to spray on the leaves of Jun jujube at the flowering stage.There were five treatments:W1,W2,W3,T and CK.Among them,W was the UAV spraying mode and W1 was100%dosage(175.0 mg/L gibberellic acid+90 mg/L boron fertilizer+70 mg/L brassinolide+200 mg/L Zuoguoling),W2 and W3 were reduced to 70%and 50%respectively on this basis.T was the spraying mode of agricultural machinery vehicle,and the dosage was 15.0 mg/L gibberellic acid+12 mg/L boron fertilizer+6 mg/L brassinolide+30 mg/L Zuoguoling.With the artificial spraying of clean water as the control(CK),the effects of flower and fruit preservation agents on leaf photosynthetic characteristics,yield and fruit quality of Jun jujube under different spraying modes were studied,to provide a scientific basis for replacing the traditional spraying mode with UAV spraying in the link of flower and fruit protection of jujube trees in southern Xinjiang.The results showed that,on the whole,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs) and intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)of Jun jujube leaves treated with W3 were higher,the photosynthetic characteristics of Jun jujube leaves in T treatment were lower,and the water use efficiency(WUE)of W1 treatment was higher than that of other treatments.Compared with CK,the fruit setting rate of W1,W2,W3 and T treatments significantly increased by 97.6%,87.2%,130.4%and 158.3%,respectively,and the fruit yields significantly increased by 93.6%,78.6%,108.9%and 121.4%respectively.There was no significant difference in fruit setting rate and fruit yield between W3 and T treatments.In terms of fruit quality,the single fruit quality,vertical diamete and horizontal diameter of jujube treated with W1 were higher,which increased by 49.2%,7.6%,17.5%compared with CK,but the fruit shape index decreased.The

关 键 词：骏枣 保花保果药剂 光合特性 产量 品质 喷施模式 无人机 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学] S482.8[农业科学—园艺学]