论姚配中的“元”哲学建构与乾嘉易学哲学  

On the Construction of Yao Peizhong’s Yuan Philosophy and the Philosophy of Yi-ology in the Qianjia Period

作　　者：林忠军[1] LIN Zhong-jun(Professor of Center for Zhouyi&Ancient Chinese Philososphy,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学周易与中国古代哲学研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期32-41,共10页Journal of Hunan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社科基地重大课题:两宋时期的易学流衍与哲学发展(16JJD720011)。

摘　　要：以姚配中为例,论述了以"元"为核心的乾嘉易学哲学体系建构。姚氏秉承乾嘉学派易学传统,以郑氏易为宗,会通汉易,从"元为万物之元"论及"元为《易》之原",再到"元为五经之原、周秦百氏之原、《月令》明堂历律之原",建构起内涵象数、义理的"元"哲学体系。以姚配中为代表的乾嘉学者所理解的"元"概念,内含儒道两家意义,既是形上之道,又是未脱离形下的气,抽象而具体,可感可证,与宋代"太极"或"理"概念比较,似乎更为接近"真实"的外在世界。以此建构的易学哲学体系,内含自然属性与道德属性,是自然与德性统一。乾嘉学者所倡导解释易学文本的文字训诂和象数,不仅仅是通达义理的工具,其自身也内含古代名物制度和文化知识,反映古人对于客观外在世界的认知,他们对文本的解释体现的是解释者的学识与修养及其对于外在世界的理解,是一种类似西方的语言哲学。Taking Yao Peizhong as an example, this article discusses the construction of the philosophy system of Yi-ology with the core of "Yuan" in the Qianjia period. Yao Peizhong inherited the tradition of Qianjia school’s Yi-ology, taking Zhengxuan’s Yi-ology as the foundation and integrating the Yi-ology of the Han Dynasty. From “Yuan is the origin of all things” and “Yuan is the origin of the Zhouyi”, to “Yuan is the origin of the Five Classics, the origin of the all families in the Zhou and Qin Dynasty and the origin of Mingtang(ceremonial hall in a palace) and calender in the Yueling(a classic)”, Yao Peizhong constructed a "Yuan" philosophy system with image-numerology and moral principles. Taking Yao Peizhong as the representative of Qianjia scholars, the concept of "Yuan" has two meanings of Confucianism and Taoism. It is not only metaphysical, but also the Qi without separating physical spirit. It is abstract and concrete. Compared with the concept “Taiji” or “Li” in the Song Dynasty, “Yuan” seems to be closer to the real external world. The philosophy system of Yi-ology on this basis contains natural and moral attributes, which are the unity of nature and virtue. The explanation of textual exegesis and image-numerology in Yi-ology classics advocated by Qianjia scholars are not only tools to understand the principles, but also contain the ancient system and cultural knowledge, reflecting the ancients’ cognition of the objective external world.Their textual interpretation reflects the interpreters’ knowledge and and their understanding of the external world. It is similar to the western philosophy of language.

关 键 词：姚配中 元哲学 乾嘉易学 语言哲学 

分 类 号：B249[哲学宗教—中国哲学]