列车制动系统杠杆螺栓用17Cr16Ni2不锈钢的应力腐蚀敏感性  

Stress Corrosion Susceptibility of 17Cr16Ni2 Stainless Steel for Lever Bolt of Train Brake System

作　　者：张亚军[1,2] 赵春光 党恒耀 张欣耀[1,2] 陈庆垒 ZHANG Yajun;ZHAO Chunguang;DANG Hengyao;ZHANG Xinyao;CHEN Qinglei(Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute,Luoyang Henan 471023,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Structural Materials for Ships and Marine Equipments,Luoyang Henan 471023,China;Beijing Zongheng Electro-Mechanical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100094,China;National New Material Production and Application Demonstration Platform(Advanced Marine Engineering and High-Tech Ship Materials),Luoyang Henan 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所,河南洛阳471023 [2]河南省船舶及海工装备结构材料技术与应用重点实验室,河南洛阳471023 [3]北京纵横机电科技有限公司,北京100094 [4]国家新材料生产应用示范平台(先进海工与高技术船舶材料),河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2022年第1期126-133,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划重点课题(2014J004-G)。

摘　　要：通过慢应变速率拉伸试验,得到列车制动系统杠杆螺栓用17Cr16Ni2不锈钢分别在室温、40℃和70℃3个温度下质量分数为3.5%的NaCl水溶液(简称3.5%NaCl水溶液)中以及在室温空气中的断裂时间、抗拉强度、断后伸长率和断面收缩率等不同性能参数;采用扫描电镜观察不同试样断口,并采用比值法、应力腐蚀敏感性指数(I_(SSRT))法及断口分析法研究试验材料的应力腐蚀敏感性。结果表明:在室温和40℃2个温度下3.5%NaCl水溶液中的试验材料断裂时间比值、抗拉强度比值、断后伸长率比值及断面收缩率比值均大于95%,I_(SSRT)值均小于5%,试样断口特征与室温空气中相比无明显差异,均体现出试验材料无应力腐蚀敏感性;而在70℃温度下3.5%NaCl水溶液中的断裂时间比值、抗拉强度比值和断面收缩率比值虽均大于95%,但断后伸长率比值却小于95%,I_(SSRT)值大于5%,且试样断口剪切唇明显比室温空气中大,只是微观断口边沿并未发现明显的二次裂纹和脆性层,意味着试验材料在该条件下虽有应力腐蚀敏感性,但并不显著,应力腐蚀导致材料力学性能的劣化具有参量选择性;在方法的应用上,比值法、I_(SSRT)值法和断口分析法对材料应力腐蚀敏感性的判定结果一致。By slow strain rate tensile test,different performance parameters of fracture time,tensile strength,elongation after fracture and percentage reduction of area for the 17Cr16Ni2 stainless steel used for the lever bolt of train brake system were obtained,in the NaCl aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 3.5%(hereinafter referred to as 3.5%NaCl aqueous solution)at room temperature,40℃and 70℃,and in air at room temperature respectively.The fractured appearances of different specimens were observed by scanning electron microscope,and the stress corrosion susceptibility of the tested material was studied under different test conditions by ratio method,stress corrosion susceptibility index(I_(SSRT))method and fracture appearance analysis method.The results show that the ratio of fracture time,tensile strength,elongation after fracture and percentage reduction of area in 3.5%NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature and 40℃were all greater than 95%and the values of I_(SSRT)were all less than 5%.The fracture appearance characteristics of the specimens had no obvious difference with those in air at room temperature,which indicated that the tested material had no stress corrosion susceptibility.At 70℃,although the ratio of fracture time,tensile strength and percentage reduction of area in3.5%NaCl aqueous solution were greater than 95%,the ratio of elongation after fracture was less than 95%and the value of I_(SSRT)was greater than 5%.The shear lip of the specimen fracture appearance was significantly greater than that in air at room temperature.No obvious secondary crack and brittle layer were found at the edge of the micro fracture appearance,which indicated that although the tested material had stress corrosion susceptibility under this condition,it is insignificant.The deterioration of mechanical properties caused by stress corrosion was parametric selective.In the application of different methods,ratio method,I_(SSRT)method and fracture appearance analysis method had accordant judgment results on the stress c

关 键 词：列车制动系统 杠杆螺栓 17Cr16Ni2不锈钢 应力腐蚀敏感性 比值法 I_(SSRT)值法 断口分析法 

分 类 号：O346.22[理学—固体力学]