马铃薯收获机多级输送分离装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Multistage Conveying and Separating Device for Potato Harvester

作　　者：李彦彬 张兆国 王圆明[2] 王海翼 庞有伦[2] 张振东 LI Yan-bin;ZHANG Zhao-guo;WANG Yuan-ming;WANG Hai-yi;PANG You-lun;ZHANG Zhen-dong(College of Modern Agricultural Engineering/Yunnan University Traditional Chinese Medicine Mechanization Engineering Research Center,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Institute of Agricultural Machinery,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院/云南省高校中药材机械化工程研究中心,昆明650500 [2]重庆市农业科学院农业机械研究所,重庆401329

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2021年第6期758-768,共11页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项项目(2018ZC001-3)。

摘　　要：针对云南黏重板结土壤下马铃薯机械化收获过程中存在的薯土分离效果差、输送分离装置线速度不匹配、薯块抛落高度大等致使明薯率低、伤薯率高的问题,基于"两级输送分离+高频低幅+低位侧铺"的薯土分离工艺,设计了一种适宜黏重板结土壤的马铃薯收获机多级输送分离装置。通过对多级输送分离装置和薯土混合物的运动特征分析,验证了输送分离筛产生"高频低幅"的周期性运动规律,得到薯土混合物随输送分离筛向后运动和抛散分离的临界条件;通过薯块抛落阶段运动学分析,确定了低位缓冲侧铺装置的结构参数。以一级分离筛线速度、二级分离筛线速度和侧输出线速度为试验因素,以含杂率为试验指标进行台架试验。试验结果表明:当一级分离筛线速度为1.70m·s^(-1)、二级分离筛线速度为1.60m·s^(-1)、侧输出线速度为1.00m·s^(-1)时,其含杂率为2.15%,符合参数优化范围,并通过高速摄影技术验证了一级输送分离筛"高频低幅"振动分离段运动特征。各级输送分离筛在优化工作参数下进行田间试验验证,测得明薯率为98.46%,破皮率为1.42%,伤薯率为1.36%,各项性能指标均符合国家行业标准要求,满足黏重板结土壤条件下马铃薯收获机的作业要求。In view of the problems of poor potato soil separation effect,mismatched linear speed of conveying and separation device and large throwing height of potato blocks with low bright potato rate and high damaged potato rate,a multi-stage conveying and separation device of potato harvester suitable for viscous and hardened soil was designed based on the potato soil separation process of"two-stage conveying and separation+high frequency and low amplitude+low side paving"in the mechanized harvest of potato under heavy and hardened soil in Yunnan.The mechanism of"high frequency and low amplitude"was determined by analyzing the multi-stage transport separation device and the movement characteristics of potato soil mixture.The critical conditions of potato soil mixture moving backward and dispersing with the transport separation screen were obtained.The structural parameters of the low buffer side paving device were determined through the kinematic analysis of the potato block throwing stage.The results showed that the parameter optimization ranges were the linear velocity of 1.70m·s^(-1) for the first stage separator,1.60m·s^(-1) for the second stage separator,1.00m·s^(-1) for the side output,and the impurity content of 2.15%.The motion characteristics of the"high frequency and low amplitude"vibration separation section of the first stage transport separation screen were verified by high-speed photography.The results showed that the open potato rate was 98.46%,the skin breaking rate was 1.42%,and the damaged potato rate was 1.36%.All the performance indices met the requirements of national industry standards,and met the operation requirements of potato harvester under the condition of sticky and hard soil.

关 键 词：马铃薯 马铃薯收获机 输送分离装置 薯土分离 高速摄影 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]