近60年中国冷空气过程的气候变率分析  

Climatological Variability of Cold Air Processes over China in Recent 60 Years

作　　者：朱万林 李清泉[1,2] 王遵娅[2] 沈新勇[1,3] ZHU Wanlin;LI Qingquan;WANG Zunya;SHEN Xinyong(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044;Laboratory for Climate Studies,National Climate Centre,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519082)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]国家气候中心,中国气象局气候研究开放实验室,北京100081 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海519082

出　　处：《气象》2022年第1期1-13,共13页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(41790471);国家“第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究”项目(2019QZKK0208);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20100304)共同资助。

摘　　要：使用1960—2019年中国2400个气象站逐日观测气温,系统地分析了中国各类冷空气过程的气候学特征。结果表明:中国的寒潮和冷空气过程主要发生在秋季和冬季,频数和强度有明显的月际和季节差异,区域型寒潮在秋季发生频数最多,全国型寒潮、区域型冷空气和全国型冷空气在冬季发生频数最多;区域型冷空气总体过程(寒潮与冷空气过程之和)平均强度在2月最大,全国型冷空气总体过程平均强度在11月最大。近60年中国冬季气温可以分为两个时期,即冷期(1960—1986年)和暖期(1987—2019年)。冷期,冬季全国型寒潮频数呈显著减少趋势[-0.57次·(10 a)^(-1)],区域型冷空气、全部型(全国型与区域型之和)冷空气过程频数呈显著上升趋势[分别为1.37次·(10 a)^(-1)、1.28次·(10 a)^(-1)];暖期,1月全国型寒潮频数呈显著下降趋势[-0.17次·(10 a)^(-1)],而区域型冷空气频数呈显著上升趋势[0.53次·(10 a)^(-1)]。By virtue of the daily temperature observations of 2400 stations in China from 1960 to 2019,the climatological characteristics of the cold event in China are systematically analyzed.The results show that the cold wave and cold air process in China mainly occur in autumn,winter and spring,and the frequency and intensity have obvious monthly and seasonal differences.Regional cold wave has the highest frequency in autumn,and national cold wave and all types of cold air have the highest frequency in winter.The average intensity of regional cold event is the largest in February,and the average intensity of national cold event is the largest in November.Based on the analysis of winter temperature in China,the past 60 years can be divided into two stages,that is,the cold period from 1960 to 1986 and the warm period from 1987 to 2019.In the winter of cold period,the frequency of the national cold wave shows a significant decrease trend[-0.57 times·(10 a)^(-1)],and the frequency of regional cold air and all-type(the sum of national type and regional type)cold air processes in winter shows a significant upward trend of 1.37 times·(10 a)^(-1) and 1.28 times·(10 a)^(-1),respectively.In the warm period,there is a significantly decreasing trend of national cold wave frequency[-0.17 times·(10 a)^(-1)]and a significantly increasing trend of regional cold air frequency[0.53 times·(10 a)^(-1)]in January.

关 键 词：冷空气 寒潮 强度 频数 

分 类 号：P466[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]