从博弈基地到角逐石油——美国对利比亚伊德里斯王朝的援助外交及其影响(1951—1972)  

Competition from Base to Oil——American Aid Diplomacy to the Idris Dynasty in Libya and its Influence(1951-1972)

作　　者：韩志斌[1] 谢宇科 HAN Zhibin;XIE Yuke(Institute of Middle East Studies,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《安徽史学》2022年第1期101-111,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中东部落社会通史研究”(15ZDB062)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国对利比亚伊德里斯王朝的援助外交在美国对外援助史上占有重要的地位,展现了美国对利比亚伊德里斯王朝从惠勒斯军事基地上的博弈到保护石油利益的角逐历程,援助重心也历经经济援助向军事援助的转变。遏制苏联、压制埃及、使用军事基地是美国不断增强对利比亚援助的主要原因。通过援助外交,美国占有惠勒斯军事基地,拥有与苏联对抗的战略平台,开发石油也使得美国石油公司获益颇丰。美国援助外交的本质是使伊德里斯王朝服从美国称霸中东的总体战略,压制勃勃兴起的阿拉伯民族主义。结果把冷战因素引入利比亚民族国家构建进程中,使得伊德里斯王朝军队整合与政权合法性建构陷入困局,葬送君主制政权。历史经验表明,超级大国对亚非拉国家的干涉往往使地区冲突不断,安全局势恶化,同时使得被干涉国原有的国内问题更难以解决。the U.S.aid diplomacy to the Idris Dynasty of Libya occupies an important position in the history of U.S.foreign aid,showing the evolution of the United States to the Idris Dynasty of Libya from the competition on the Wheelus military base to the protection for oil interests,and the focus of aid diplomacy has also undergone the transformation from economic assistance to military assistance.Containing the Soviet Union,suppressing Egypt and using military bases are the main reasons why the United States continues to increase its assistance to Libya.Through aid diplomacy,the United States occupies Wheelus military base and has a strategic platform to confront the Soviet Union.The development of oil industries also benefits American oil companies.The essence of American aid diplomacy is to make the Idris Dynasty obey the overall strategy of the United States to dominate the Middle East and suppress the booming Arab nationalism.As a result,the cold war factor was introduced into the process of building the Libyan nation-state,which made the army integration and regime legitimacy construction of the Idris Dynasty fall into a dilemma and buried the monarchical regime.Historical experience shows that the intervention of superpowers in Asian,African and Latin American countries often leads to continuous regional conflicts and deterioration of the security situation.At the same time,it makes the original domestic problems of the intervened countries more difficult to solve.

关 键 词：美国 利比亚 伊德里斯王朝 惠勒斯基地 援助外交 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学] K413.5[历史地理—世界史]