中西方主流媒体对中国民族问题的话语建构——以《纽约时报》和《中国日报》为例  

Chinese and Western Mainstream Media Discourse on Chinese Ethnic Issues——A Case Study of The New York Times and China Daily

作　　者：郭继荣[1] 王馨苑 Guo Jirong;Wang Xinyuan(School of Foreign Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学外国语学院,西安710049

出　　处：《情报杂志》2021年第12期120-126,共7页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：国家民委民族研究项目“中国特色解决民族问题道路之话语权与国际影响力提升路径”(编号:2020-GMB-046)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[研究目的]民族问题是关涉中国发展的重要议题,主流媒体的报道不仅能够折射相关国家的涉华态度和立场,而且对中国形象建构至关重要。[研究方法]运用语料库辅助批评话语分析法,从宏观规律和微观话语两个角度对2013-2021年《纽约时报》与《中国日报》关于民族问题的报道进行分析,探究中西方主流媒体对民族问题及中国形象的建构。[研究结论]研究发现,2013-2021年,两家媒体的报道数量存在一定的规律性,但报道内容和态度却大相径庭,对事件性质存在不同的界定。《纽约时报》倾向于聚焦冲突事件,将恐怖主义、分裂主义行为上升到民族治理问题,建构相对负面的中国形象。《中国日报》以多元的视角、长期的眼光对民族问题进行报道,以“五位一体”总体布局展现少数民族的发展全貌。研究表明,受政治、经济、文化语境的限制,西方媒体对中国民族问题的报道很难实现客观性和积极性,应提高话语建构的自主性和传播的有效性,建构具有中国特色的民族问题话语体系,提升中国的国际形象。[Research purpose]Ethnic issues are important for China's development.Mainstream media reports can not only reflect relevant countries'attitudes and positions on China,but are also crucial to the construction of Chinese image.[Research method]This paper adopts the method of corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis to analyze The New York Times and China Daily reports on Chinese ethnic issues from 2013 to 2021.The study explores the construction of Chinese and Western mainstream media on ethnic issues and Chinese image from the perspectives of macro laws and micro discourse.[Research conclusion]The study found that from 2013 to 2021,the number of reports of the two media has certain regularity,but their content and attitude are quite different,and there are different definitions of the nature of certain events.The New York Times tends to focus on conflict events,elevating terrorism and separatism acts to minority governance problems,and constructing a relatively negative image of China.China Daily reports on ethnic issues from a diverse and long-term perspective,and presents the overall development of ethnic minorities in accordance with the Five-sphere Integrated Plan.Research indicates that,limited by political,economic,and cultural contexts,it is difficult for Western media to report on Chinese ethnic issues with objectivity and positivity.The independence of discourse construction and the effectiveness of communication should be improved to construct the discourse of ethnic issues with Chinese characteristics and to further enhance China's international image.

关 键 词：民族问题 话语权 中国形象 语料库 批评话语分析 《纽约时报》 《中国日报》 

分 类 号：G353[文化科学—情报学]