发现与重构:作为当代戏曲声腔的“弋阳腔”的再考察  

Rediscovery and Reconstruction: A Re-examination of Yiyang Qiang as a Contemporary Xiqu Shengqiang

作　　者：李秀伟 LI Xiuwei(School of Arts,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学文学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《文化艺术研究》2021年第6期71-79,114,共10页Studies in Culture and Art

基　　金：兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“共同体视域下的戏曲声韵观念研究”(项目编号:21lzujbkydx061)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明清时代的"弋阳腔"一词大多只是作为除昆腔外的南北曲声腔乃至其他民间声腔的泛称;清代文人虽多将高腔称作"弋阳腔",但高腔"一唱众和"的重要特征并不始于"弋阳腔"。20世纪上半叶,各地高腔并无弋阳地方特色,普通艺人也没有"弋阳腔"的相关记忆。1949年前后,在包括弋阳在内的赣东北地区,高腔已式微。因偶然的契机,江西省文化部门发现了赣东北的高腔,将其认定为"弋阳腔",并在新组建的赣剧中突出"弋阳腔"的地位,从而改变了赣剧的声腔构成。作为学术概念与文化遗产的"弋阳腔",实际上是现代戏曲研究与地方文化意识共同作用的产物。In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the term "Yiyang qiang" was mostly used to imply the northern, southern, and even other folk shengqiang except for kunqu. The literati of the Qing dynasty usually referred to gaoqiang as Yiyang qiang, yet the former’s feature, "one sings and others harmonize", does not stem from the latter. In the first half of the 20 th century, most of the gaoqiangs didn’t have Yiyang qiang’s characteristics;Most gaoqiang artists didn’t have memories about Yiyang qiang at the time. At about 1949, gaoqiang was almost extinct in northeastern Jiangxi, including Yiyang. The Jiangxi government accidentally rediscovered gaoqiang in northeastern Jiangxi and named it "Yiyang qiang", proposed it in newly-found troupes, and henceforth changed the construction of Gan Opera’s shengqiang. As an academic concept and cultural heritage, Yiyang qiang is a product of modern xiqu research and local cultural awareness.

关 键 词：弋阳腔 高腔 声腔史 赣剧 

分 类 号：J809[艺术—戏剧戏曲]