从《经典释文》音注看“听”音义匹配局面的形成  

A Study of the Formation of Phonetic-Semantic Matching of“Ting(听)”from the Perspective of the Phonetic Notions in Jingdian Shiwen

作　　者：王月婷 Wang Yueting(School of Humanities,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学人文学院中文系,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第6期67-78,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(18BYY162)。

摘　　要：《经典释文》中“听”的音注有两种:一种是合乎规则的,一种是约定俗成的。其规则包括:(1)平去变读。平声记录“聆听”及其引申义“听凭;听任”(用于“上对下”则引申为“允许”),基本句法结构为“听+内容”,“内容”通常为NP(如“听其辞”),也可以是小句(如“听卫侯归”)。去声记录“听从”义,基本句法结构为“听+对象”(如“以听国人”)。按照预期,这个“对象”需给出意见/建议/指令/请求等,此亦或呈现于句法表层(如“不听王命”“不听人劝”)。(2)读音的“一变、再变”。“听_(听从)”按音义规则应该变读去声,但用于“弗听(某人谏)”“弗听(某人请求)”则再变为平声,这与“弗”用于否定完成体密切相关。The phonetic and semantic matching of“ting(听)”has been widely discussed by scholars in the past dynasties,and the academia has been arguing on some specific issues about it.In order to reveal clearly the formation of the phonetic and semantic matching of“ting”and the causes of the disagreements,this paper comprehensively investigates the pronunciation,meaning and syntax as well as their interrelationship of“ting”in Jingdian Shiwen.The major findings are as follows:1.“ting still conforms to the common rules of pronunciation variation in ancient Chinese:when“ting”is followed by content,its pronunciation would be the first tone in mandarin;when followed by target,the pronunciation differs and becomes the fourth tone.About“ting+content”:(i)The“content”is usually nominal.For instance,in the Book of Rites:“There was a woman crying at the tomb and mourning,and Confucius carefully listened(about her crying).”here“ting”means“listen about”.(ii)If the subject lets the event happen after he/she hears certain information,then“ting”extends to the meaning of“resign oneself to”,and is followed by an event.For instance,in the Book of Rites:Shi(士),the lowest class of nobility,will not allow such things to happen when a Dafu(大夫),who is the higher class of nobility,comes in person and congratulates on his joyful event,because Shi dares not to be disrespectful.”The subject-verb structure“Dafu comes and congratulates on his joyful event”is the object of“ting”.(iii)When the meaning of“ting”is“resign oneself to”and the subject-object interrelationship is from the higher hierarchy towards the lower,then“ting”means“allow”.For instance,in Tso Chuan:“People in Jin State permitted the detained Wei emperor to return to his state.”Note:As Shuwu participated in the treaty of alliance on the land of Jiantu,Jin people then permitted Wei emperor to return.About“ting+target”:(i)The basic structure is“ting+person.For example,in Tso Chuan:“Though it’s my fam

关 键 词：经典释文 异读 音义 听 弗听 

分 类 号：H113[语言文字—汉语]