论贺麟对朱子太极思想的创造性阐释  

He Lin’s Creative Explanation of Zhu Xi’s Taiji Thought

作　　者：翟奎凤[1,2] ZHAI Kui-feng

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒家文明省部共建协同创新中心 [2]山东大学儒学高等研究院,济南250100

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2022年第1期198-206,239,240,共11页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA013)。

摘　　要：贺麟是现代少有的能会通中西哲学精神的思想大家,他于1930年所作《朱熹与黑格尔太极说之比较观》在中西比较哲学史上有着重要意义。在朱子,太极作为一种理本体,逻辑上先于气,事实上又不离气,理既在心外又在心内,而黑格尔的绝对理念是绝对的唯心一元论。朱子也存在一种作为内心境界、主体性的太极,此心是生物之仁心、有存养的心,此为一种道德的唯心论,也可视为绝对理念的自觉和自我实现。黑格尔的太极是向外征服恶魔的“战士”,而朱子的仁心是向内克治情欲的“警察”。黑格尔的精神本体重在表现社会理想,而朱子的太极之心注重的是内心修养。通过与黑格尔思想的比较,特别是受新黑格尔主义的影响,贺麟对朱子理学作了一种创造性阐释,揭示了朱子思想中“理”和“心”积极能动性的一面。贺麟借助西学激活、整合了理学的能动性和鲜活性一面,欲以此唤醒、振奋民族精神,达成其学术救国的理想,这其中也洋溢着一种浓郁的爱国主义精神。He Lin is one of the few modern masters who is well versed in the spirits of Chinese and western philosophy.His thesis“A Comparative View of Zhu Xi and Hegel’s Theory of Taiji”in 1930,is with great significance in the history of Chinese and western comparative philosophy.Zhu Xi held that Taiji is an ontological concept of“Li”(reason,law).It precedes“Qi”logically,but is not separated from“Qi”actually;“Li”is both outside and inside the“Xin”(mind).However,Hegel’s absolute idea is absolutely monism of idealism.Zhu Xi also expounded Taiji’s connotation of the spiritual realm and subjectivity,which is expressed as“Cixin”,referring to kindness and conscience,the former has the ability to create and the latter is conserved.This is a kind of moral idealism,which can also be regarded as the self-aw areness and self-realization of the absolute idea.Hegel’s thought of absolute idea,which is related to Taiji,is a warrior who conquers demons outward,but Zhu Xi’s“Cixin”is like a policeman who restrains greed inward.Hegel’s spiritual noumenon emphasizes social ideals,but Zhu Xi’s Taiji focuses on inner cultivation.Through the comparison between Zhu Xi and Hegel’s thoughts,and especially under the influence of Neo-Hegelianism,He Lin made a creative interpretation of Zhu Xi’s philosophy,revealing the active and dynamic aspects of“Li”and“Xin”in Zhu Xi’s thought.With the help of western philosophy,He Lin activated and integrated the dynamic and vivid aspects of the Neo-Confucianism.In this way,he also intended to awaken and invigorate the national spirit and achieve his ideal of saving the nation by academic research,with a strong spirit of patriotism.

关 键 词：太极 绝对理念 理气 贺麟 朱子 新黑格尔主义 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]