滤坝基质排布方式对微污染水体净化效果的影响  

Effect of the packing arrangement of filter dam on the purification of slightlypolluted water body

作　　者：张紫涵 代嫣然[1] 梁威[1] ZHANG Zihan;DAI Yanran;LIANG Wei(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第12期3916-3923,共8页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：浙江省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2019C03110)。

摘　　要：采用吸附效果较好的火山石和炉渣作为填料,构筑了3个室内滤坝小试系统,研究了不同的基质组合配置对滤坝净化污染物的影响。3种不同的基质组配分别方式为:火山石和炉渣均匀混合、沿水流方向先火山石后炉渣和沿水流方向先炉渣后火山石。结果表明,3个滤坝系统对微污染水体具有明显的净化效果,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)和化学需氧量(COD)去除率最高可达85.7%、46.5%、47.2%和53.4%。基质组合排布方式对COD和NH_(3)-N的去除效果没有明显的影响,而火山石和炉渣均匀混合的配置方式有利于TP的去除,沿水流方向先炉渣后火山石的配置方式有利于TN的去除。微生物群落分析结果表明,在炉渣和火山石均匀混合的滤坝中,微生物优势菌为除磷优势菌——气单胞菌属,沿水流方向先后排布炉渣火山石的2个滤坝的优势菌为肠杆菌属,该细菌可以进行反硝化产生N_(2),这可能是沿水流方向先炉渣后火山石的滤坝TN去除效果较好的原因。Three indoor filter dam mesocosms,filled with volcanic rock and slag with good adsorption capacity,were constructed to study the effects of different packing arrangements on the purification of slightlypolluted water.Accordingly,we set three different matrix combinations:uniform mixing of volcanic rock and slag,volcanic rock followed slag and slag followed volcanic rock along the water flow,respectively.The results showed that all three mesocosm systems had obvious purification effects on the simulated slightly-polluted water.The highest removal rates of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)were 85.7%,46.5%,47.2%and 53.4%,respectively.The packing arrangements had a limited effect on the removal of COD and NH_(3)-N.However,the uniform mixing configuration mesocosm system had the best performance on TP removal,and the mesocosm system filled with slag followed volcanic rock along water flow showed the highest average TN removal rate.The dominant bacteria identified in the mesocosm system filled with mixed slag and volcanic rock were Aeromonas,which could contribute to TP removal.Meanwhile,the dominant bacteria Enterobacterium were found in the other two mesocosm systems.Enterobacterium can produce N_(2),which accounted for the better TN removal performance in the mesocosm system filled with slag followed volcanic rock along water flow.

关 键 词：滤坝 基质组合配置 微污染水体 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]