贺兰山东麓春季鸟类多样性及年际变化  

Annual Variability of Spring Bird Diversity at the Eastern Foothills of Helan Mountain

作　　者：王继飞 操姝蕙 骆爽[2] 赵伟[2] WANG Jifei;CAO Shuhui;LUO Shuang;ZHAO Wei(Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve,Yinchuan,750021,China;Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution,School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,730000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局,银川750021 [2]甘肃省环境生物监测与修复重点实验室,兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第1期99-109,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目;国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505200)。

摘　　要：在2014—2020年的鸟类繁殖期(5月和6月),采用样线法对贺兰山东麓不同生境的鸟类种类、数量和分布进行了多次调查。共记录到鸟类99种,隶属于16目40科,包括夏候鸟44种、留鸟38种、冬候鸟1种及旅鸟16种,记录到国家一级保护鸟类1种(猛禽)、国家二级保护鸟类12种(包括10种猛禽,2种鸣禽)。鸟类区系成分以北方型鸟类为主,兼有南北混杂的现象。Shannon-Wiener指数显示,多年来均以山地疏林生境的鸟类物种多样性最高,这可能与山地疏林生境复杂性较高有关;生物多样性存在年际变化,但山地疏林和人工林生境的波动相对较小,这可能与两类生境相对稳定,景观年际变化不显著有关。一元回归分析结果显示,仅山地疏林生境鸟类多样性与前1年降雨量及平均温度显著相关,这可能与贺兰山地区丰水年份频发的山洪灾害有关。观察发现,山洪破坏了山地植被,从而影响来年春季鸟类的筑巢。建议对该区域鸟类群落进行长期观测,以进一步明确鸟类群落与气候变化的关系,为贺兰山地区鸟类保护提供科学依据。Bird richness and abundance in various habitats(mountain woodlands,artificial forest,farmland and desert steppe)at the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain,was investigated using line transect method during May and June from 2014 to 2020.A total of 99 bird species belonging to 16 Orders and 40 Families were recorded,which includes 44 summer migrants,38 residents,one winter migrant and 16 passing birds.Among these,one raptor species was under national first-class key protection list and ten raptor and two songbird species were under national second-classkey protection list.The avian fauna was dominated by Palearctic birds and mixed with Oriental birds.Results of Shannon-Wiener index suggested that the avian biodiversity was the highest in mountain woodlands over the entire study period,which was possibly due to its great habitat complexity.Bird diversity varied among years,except for mountain woodlands and artificial forest,which might be related to the stability of these two habitats.Simple OLS regression analyses indicated that only the bird diversity in the mountain woodlands was significantly correlated with precipitation and annual average temperature of the previous year,which may be related to the mountain torrent disasters during wet years.We noticed that mountain torrents caused destruction of vegetation,affecting the nestling of spring birds during the subsequent years.For conservation management strategies of avian community in the Helan Mountain region,long-term monitoring is essential for studying the relationship between climate change and bird diversity.

关 键 词：贺兰山东麓 春季鸟类 多样性 年际变化 样线法 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]