根施γ-氨基丁酸对糯玉米生长、光合特性和抗氧化生理及产量的影响  

Effects of Root Application ofγ-aminobutyric Acid on Plant Growth,Photosynthetic Characteristics,Antioxidant Physiology and Yield of Waxy Corn

作　　者：李武[1] 李春艳[1] 李光玉 梁敏怡 李余良[1] 文天祥[1] 涂攀峰 刘建华[1] LI Wu;LI Chunyan;LI Guangyu;LIANG Minyi;LI Yuliang;WEN Tianxiang;TU Panfeng;LIU Jianhua(Crops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Zhongkai University of Agriculture Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院作物研究所,广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]仲恺农业工程学院园艺国林学院,广东广州510225

出　　处：《华北农学报》2021年第S01期72-80,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200706);2021年乡村振兴战略专项资金省级项目(粤农农计[2021]59号);玉米产业创新团队(粤财农[2020]100号);省级创新团队项目(2021KJ106);广东省农业科学院团队建设项目(202115TD);佛山市财政专项资金-2021年度共建广东农业科技示范市项目。

摘　　要：为了探明γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对糯玉米产量形成影响及其光合生理,指导糯玉米产量提高的化控技术应用。以糯玉米品种粤彩糯2号(V1)、京科糯928(V2)和粤白甜糯7号(V3)为材料,以根灌清水(CK)为对照,研究了孕穗期根施GABA处理(RS)对糯玉米产量和光合生理的影响。与CK相比,RS处理提高了供试糯玉米品种的净穗产量(1.62%~4.97%),降低了供试糯玉米品种的苞叶产量(16.52%~23.09%),其中粤白甜糯7号的净穗产量提高和苞叶产量减低均达显著水平。RS一定程度提高了灌浆期和成熟期的净光合速率和蒸腾速率,提高成熟期叶片老化指数;提高穗长、行粒数、总粒数;促使抽穗期、散粉期和叶丝期提前了1~2 d。RS处理显著提高了成熟期功能叶CAT活性,显著降低了功能叶的MDA含量。净穗产量与鲜苞产量、鲜苞穗叶比、穗长、穗行数、总粒数和灌浆期叶片老化指数呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。孕穗期根施GABA处理可以通过调控糯玉米品种的光合生理、产量构成因子和鲜苞的苞叶占比等影响糯玉米品种的净穗产量提高。The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)on waxy maize yield formation and its photosynthetic physiology,for guide the application of chemical control technology to improve the yield of waxy corn.The waxy maize varieties Yuecainuo 2,Yuebaitiannuo 7,and Jingkenuo 928 were used as materials,the effects of root application of GABA treatment(RS)on yield and photosynthetic physiology of waxy maize were studied,the root irrigation of water was taken as control(CK).Compared with CK,RS treatment increased naked ear yield of waxy maize varieties(1.62%-4.97%),the bract leaves yield of waxy maize varieties was reduced(16.52%-23.09%),among them,the naked ear yield and the bract leaves yield of Yuebaitiannuo 7 changed significantly.RS treatment improved the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate at both filling stage and mature stage,improved the leaf aging index at mature stage.The spike length,number of grains per row,and number of grains per spike were increased to some extent.The heading stage,powder period,and the spinning stage were advanced 1-2 d.The CAT activity in functional leaves was significantly improved under RS treatment but the MDA content in in functional leaves was significantly decreased under RS treatment.A significant positive correlation was observed between naked ear yield and fresh bracts yield,ratio of fresh bracts to ears and leaves,spike length,number of grains per row,number of grains per spike,and leaf aging index at filling stage(P<0.05).Root application of GABA treatment during booting stage can improve the naked ear yield of waxy maize varieties by regulating growth,photosynthetic physiology,yield formation,and the ratio of fresh bracts to ears and leaves.

关 键 词：糯玉米 产量 Γ-氨基丁酸 根施 光合 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]