夏朝的建立与其早期国家形态  

The Establishment of Xia Dynasty and Its Earlier Form

作　　者：沈长云[1] SHEN Changyun(History and Culture College,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学历史文化学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2022年第1期38-42,共5页Qilu Journal

摘　　要：夏朝建立在古河济之间。其建立的途径,是夏后氏首领大禹通过率领在此地区居住的众多族邦治理洪水,从而树立起自己的权威,以至最终发展成为君临在众邦头上的专制国家的君主。夏代国家实际就是一个大邦统治下的众邦的联合体。所谓"夏人",即是包括夏后氏在内的这些族邦的部民。夏代最主要的国家制度:一是夏后氏一家的"家天下"继承制度,一是为分别众族邦亲疏远近而设立的内外服制度。夏作为一个早期国家,同样具备了马克思、恩格斯所提到的国家出现应具备的两个标准:一是"按地区划分它的国民",一是"公共权力"的设立。由于构成夏朝地区组织的各个族邦依然是一些血缘组织,因此我们只能视夏朝为一个早期国家。The Xia Dynasty was established between the ancient Heshui and Jishui.The way of its establishment was that Dayu,the leader of Xiahou tribe,led many ethnic states living in this area to control the flood,so as to establish his own authority,and finally developed into the monarch of an autocratic country above all those states.The state of Xia Dynasty is actually the union of states under the rule of a big state.The so-called“Xia people”are the people of these ethnic states,including Xiahou tribe.The most important state systems in the Xia Dynasty were the“world”inheritance system of the Xiahou tribe and the internal and external subordinates system established to separate the alienation and proximity of those states.As an early country,Xia also had the two standards for the emergence of a country mentioned by Marx and Engels:“dividing its citizens by region”and the establishment of“public power”.Because the ethnic states that constituted the regional organizations of the Xia Dynasty are still some blood related organizations,we can only regard the Xia Dynasty as an early country.

关 键 词：夏朝建立 禹治洪水 家天下 内外服制度 国家形成标志 早期国家 

分 类 号：K03[历史地理—历史学]